Chapter 2

Question 1

where Sumerian civilizations rose 5,000 years ago

Answer 1

Tigris and Euphrates River

Question 2

area that stretches in an arc from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea.

Answer 2

Fertile Crescent

Question 3

means “between the rivers.”

Answer 3

Mesopotamia

Question 4

where the world’s first civilization developed in southeastern Mesopotamia

Answer 4

Sumer

Question 5

a long narrative poem that describes a great flood that destroys the world

Answer 5

Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 6

some of the worlds first great cities

Answer 6

Ur and Uruk

Question 7

pyramid temples that soared towards the heavens

Answer 7

Ziggurats

Question 8

system of ranking groups

Answer 8

Hierarchy

Question 9

earliest known writing. Comes from Latin word cuneus for wedge because scribes wrote by making wedge shaped marks on clay tables

Answer 9

Cuneiform

Question 10

ruler of akkad who invaded and conquered the city states of Sumer

Answer 10

Sargon

Question 11

king of Babylon. Brought much of Mesopotamia under the control of his empire

Answer 11

Hammurabi

Question 12

remarkable set of laws made by hammurabi made to ensure unity

Answer 12

Code of Hammurabi

Question 13

arrange and set down in writing, all the laws that would govern a state

Answer 13

Codify

Question 14

dealt with murder, assault, and theft

Answer 14

Criminal Laws

Question 15

dealt with private rights and matters such as business contracts property inheritance, taxes, marriage and divorce

Answer 15

Civil Laws

Question 16

conquerors that brought new skills to the region

Answer 16

Hitties

Question 17

People who invaded the Fertile Crescent. Handy nomads who settled on the upper
Tigris as early as 2000 BC

Answer 17

Assyrians

Question 18

where one of the worlds first libraries was founded by king assurbanipal

Answer 18

Nineveh

Question 19

aggressive and ruthless king who revived the power of Babylon

Answer 19

Nebuchadnezzar

Question 20

led armies that took over Babylon and controlled a wide sweep of territory stretching from Asia Minor to India

Answer 20

Cyrus the Great

Question 21

emperor who ruled from 522 bc to 486 bc. Skilled organizer set up bureaucracy

Answer 21

Darius I

Question 22

system of managing government through various bureaus or departments run by appointed officials

Answer 22

Bureaucracy

Question 23

exchange of one set of goods or services for another

Answer 23

Barter Economy

Question 24

where people pay for goods and services by exchanging tokens of an agreed value, such as coins

Answer 24

Money Economy

Question 25

Persian thinker who put forward religious beliefs and helped to unite the empire

Answer 25

Zoroaster

Question 26

gained fame as sailors and traders, occupied a string of cities along eastern Mediterranean coast, in the area that today is Lebanon and Syria

Answer 26

Phoecians

Question 27

territory settled and ruled by people from another land

Answer 27

Colony

Question 28

system of writing that uses symbols to represent a single basic sound such as a consonant or vowel

Answer 28

Alphabet

Question 29

has a different belief system for the first three generations as oppose to nearby people because they were monotheistic

Answer 29

Israelites/Hebrews

Question 30

believing that there was only one god

Answer 30

Monotheistic

Question 31

most sacred text, tells the history of the ancient Israelites and their continuing relationship with God

Answer 31

Torah

Question 32

considered father of Israelites and their religion Judaism

Answer 32

Abraham

Question 33

Israelites religion, monotheistic

Answer 33

Judaism

Question 34

promise and agreement

Answer 34

Covenant

Question 35

Israelite who renewed gods covenant with the Israelites

Answer 35

Moses

Question 36

strong and wise second king of Israel, established Jerusalem as its national capital, led successful military campaigns creating secure borders for Israel

Answer 36

David

Question 37

David’s son who followed him as king

Answer 37

Solomon

Question 38

means that men held the greatest legal and moral authority

Answer 38

Patriarchal

Question 39

a set of laws that Jews believe god gave to them through Moses

Answer 39

Ten Commandments

Question 40

holy day for rest and worship

Answer 40

Sabbath

Question 41

spiritual leaders that emerged to interpret gods will who also reminded Jewish people of their duties

Answer 41

Prophetsn

Question 42

moral standards of behavior

Answer 42

Ethics

Question 43

the spreading out of Jewish people

Answer 43

Diaspora

Question 44

rich irrigated land along the Nile, no more than 10 miles wide

Answer 44

Black Land

Question 45

sun baked desert that stretches across North Africa

Answer 45

Red Land

Question 46

stretched from niles first cataract of the Nile northward to within 100 miles of the Mediterranean Sea

Answer 46

Upper Egypt

Question 47

waterfall

Answer 47

Cataract

Question 48

triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers

Answer 48

Delta

Question 49

king of upper Egypt who United the two regions and set up his capital at Memphis near the Nile delta

Answer 49

Menes

Question 50

ruling family

Answer 50

Dynasty

Question 51

Egyptian rulers that organized a strong centralized state

Answer 51

Pharaohs

Question 52

chief minister who was depended on by a pharaoh to supervise the government

Answer 52

Vizier

Question 53

Old kingdom. During this time the Egyptians built the majestic pyramids

Answer 53

Pyramid Age

Question 54

foreign invaders who occupied the Nile delta region

Answer 54

Hyksos

Question 55

outstanding ruler of new kingdom who reigned from 1472 bc to 1457 bc

Answer 55

Hatshepsput

Question 56

stepson of hatshepsut that took over as pharaoh once he reached adulthood

Answer 56

Thutmose III

Question 57

later pharaoh who won fame for his military victories. Pushed Egyptian control northward bringing Syria under Egyptian rule

Answer 57

Ramses II

Question 58

south of Egypt a kingdom that developed along the Nile

Answer 58

Nubia

Question 59

sun god who was the chief god in Egypt

Answer 59

Amon-Re

Question 60

god and goddes related to more by Egyptians, their stories touched human emotions such as love, jealousy, and fear of death

Answer 60

Osiris and Isis

Question 61

jealous brother of Osiris who killed him

Answer 61

Set

Question 62

used to survive the dangerous journey of the underworld. Contained spells charms and magic formulas meant to help the dead in the afterlife

Answer 62

Book of the Dead

Question 63

preservation of dead bodies by embalming them and wrapping them In cloth

Answer 63

Mummification

Question 64

pharaoh who’s tomb remained untouched for more than 3,000 years

Answer 64

Tutankhamen

Question 65

means he who serves Aton. Was a pharaoh who devoted his life to the worship of Aton

Answer 65

Akhenaton

Question 66

form of picture writing developed by the ancient Egyptians. Used to keep important records

Answer 66

Hieroglyphics

Question 67

made to make paper like writing material, a plant that grows along the Nile

Answer 67

Papyrus =

Question 68

figure out the meaning of

Answer 68

Decipher

Question 69

flat black stone which has the same text carved in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek

Answer 69

Rosetta Stone

Question 70

Mythical creature with the body of a lion and a human head. Egyptians thought of sphinxes as guardians of the entrances I’d temples or pyramids

Answer 70

Sphinx

Question 71

Egyptian story retold in different forms by other people

Answer 71

Tale of Sinuhe

Question 72

(2575 bc - 2130 bc) during this time pharaohs organized a strong centralized state

Answer 72

Old kingdom

Question 73

( 1938 bc - 1630 bc) turbulent period, Nile didn’t rise as much as the past, corruption and rebellions were common

Answer 73

Middle Kingdom

Question 74

(about 1539 bc - 1075 bc) = during this time powerful and ambitious pharaohs created a large empire

Answer 74

New Kingdom