Chapter 2

Question 0

Coefficient

Answer 0

in front of the element

Question 1

Superscript

Answer 1

The # to the upper right side of the element “exponent”

Question 2

Arrow means

Answer 2

Yield

Question 3

Double arrow means

Answer 3

Yields either way, can make or break

Question 4

Reactant

Answer 4

The eqn part of the formula

Question 5

Product

Answer 5

Answer to the eqn

Question 6

Covalent bond

Answer 6

When 2 atoms share electrons

Question 7

When elements combine they become more stable. Why?

Answer 7

E- are in pairs and full outer levels of eifht

Question 8

Molecules

Answer 8

Simplest cmpd that keeps all properties and can exist by itself

Question 9

Ionic bonds

Answer 9

Atoms that lose or gain e-. Transferred

Question 10

Ions

Answer 10

An atom or molecule with a charge

Question 11

Charges hold ionic bonds together- why

Answer 11

Opposites attract

Question 12

Free energy

Answer 12

Energy in a system available to do work

Question 13

Solid

Answer 13

Definite shape and volume . Very slow

Question 14

Liquid

Answer 14

Definite volume, shape of container. Med. speed

Question 15

Gases

Answer 15

No definite shape or volume. Maximum speed

Question 16

Phase change

Answer 16

Matter changes from one state to another

Question 17

Law of conservation

Answer 17

Matter can change states but can’t be created nor destroyed

Question 18

Energy transfer

Answer 18

Chemical reactions

Question 19

Exergonic reactions

Answer 19

Release of energy for body’s use

Question 20

Endergonic rx

Answer 20

Absorbing of free energy. Constant energy flow in and out of living things

Question 21

Oxidation rx

Answer 21

Reactant loses 1 or more e-. More + charge

Question 22

Reduction rx

Answer 22

Reactant gains 1 or more e-. More - charge

Question 23

Always go hand in hand

Answer 23

Oxidation gives and reduction receives

Question 24

Oxygen has

Answer 24

A larger # of e- than H. Shared electrons of water pulled closer to the nucleus of oxygen than to the nucleus of h

Question 25

Water molecule

Answer 25

Has a neutral charge No ions created H slightly positive O slightly negative

Question 26

Polar compound

Answer 26

Uneven pattern of charge, makes water easy to dissolve substances

Question 27

Universal solvent

Answer 27

Tends to dissociate substances. Creates ions for free elements to join with and create new reactions

Question 28

H bonds

Answer 28

Positive area of one water molecule attracts to the negative of another water molecule

Question 29

Weak bonds

Answer 29

Due to slight charges, easy to make and break

Question 30

Cohesion -water in the cup

Answer 30

Attractive force Berenice particles of the same kind

Question 31

Adhesion

Answer 31

Attractive force between particles of different kinds

Question 32

Capillarity

Answer 32

Adhesion and cohesion working together against gravity

Question 33

Solutions-mixtures

Answer 33

Substances uniformly distributed

Question 34

Solvent

Answer 34

Substance that does the dissolving

Question 35

Solute

Answer 35

Substance being dissolved

Question 36

Saturated solution

Answer 36

No more solute can be dissolved

Question 37

Concentration

Answer 37

Measurement of solute

Question 38

Aqueous solution

Answer 38

A water solution

Question 39

Suspension

Answer 39

Water is solvent and the particles are un dissolved

Question 40

pH

Answer 40

Percent hydrogen

Question 41

Dissociation of water (breaking apart of water) into ions (h+ and OH-)

Answer 41

Can happen easily because if weak bonds

Question 42

Neutral

Answer 42

Solution contains equal number if hydronium and hydroxides

Question 43

Acid solution

Answer 43

More h3o than oh

Question 44

Base

Answer 44

Oh is greater than h3o

Question 45

Base or basic

Answer 45

Alkalone

Question 46

pH scale

Answer 46

Every 1=10x more 4 on ph has 10x h3o than 5 4 has 100x more h3o than 6 9 has 10x more than 8

Question 47

Measurement instruments

Answer 47

Litmus paper-pink and blue pH paper- match color to # pH meter- computerized Indicator- purple cabbage juice

Question 48

Buffer

Answer 48

Any kin of chemical substance that is used to neutralize acids a d bases to maintain homeostasis