Chapter 2

Question 1

solid

Answer 1

has definite shape and volume.

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

has definite volume and changeable shape

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

has changeable shape and volume

Question 4

kinetic

Answer 4

energy in action

Question 5

potential

Answer 5

energy of position; stored

Question 6

chemical

Answer 6

stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Question 7

electrical

Answer 7

results in the movement of charged particles

Question 8

mechanical

Answer 8

directly involved in moving matter

Question 9

radient/elctromagnetic

Answer 9

energy traveling in waves

Question 10

Conversions

Answer 10

during conversion some energy is lost as heat

Question 11

elements

Answer 11

unique substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means

Question 12

elements of human body

Answer 12

oxygen,hydrogen,carbon,nitrogen

Question 13

Atoms

Answer 13

more or less identical building blocks for each element

Question 14

neutrons

Answer 14

no charge- and a mass of one atomic mass unit

Question 15

protons

Answer 15

positive charge and a mass of one amu

Question 16

electrons

Answer 16

negative charge and 1/2000 the mass of a proton

Question 17

atomic number

Answer 17

is equal to the number of protons

Question 18

mass number

Answer 18

equal to the mass of protons and neutrons

Question 19

isotope

Answer 19

atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

Question 20

ion

Answer 20

atoms that have gained or lost electrons
losing=positive
gaining=negative

Question 21

radioisotopes

Answer 21

atoms that undergo spontaneous decay called radioactivity

Question 22

molecule

Answer 22

two or more atoms usually the same held together by chemical bonds.

Question 23

compound

Answer 23

two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together

Question 24

mixtures

Answer 24

two or more components physically intermixed

Question 25

solutions

Answer 25

homogenous mixtures of components

Question 26

solvent

Answer 26

substance present in greatest amount

Question 27

solute

Answer 27

substance present in smaller amounts

Question 28

electons, shell, or energy levels

Answer 28

surround nucleous of an atom

Question 29

valence shell

Answer 29

outermost energy level containing chemically active electrons

Question 30

octet rule

Answer 30

except for the first shell (with 2) it has 8 electrons in the valence shell

Question 31

chemical bonds

Answer 31

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 32

anions

Answer 32

have gained one or more electrons

Question 33

cations

Answer 33

have lost one or more electons

Question 34

formation of ionic bond

Answer 34

ionic bonds form between atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons

Question 35

covalent bond

Answer 35

formed by sharing two or more electrons

Question 36

nonpolar

Answer 36

electrons shared equally between atoms produce nonpolar molecules

Question 37

polar

Answer 37

unequal sharing of electrons produces polar molecules

Question 38

hydrogen bonds

Answer 38

too weak to binds atoms together

Question 39

combination reactions

Answer 39

synthesis reactions always involve bond reaction A+B -> AB

Question 40

Decomposition reactions

Answer 40

Molecules are broken down into smaller molecules AB -> A+B

Question 41

Exchange reactions

Answer 41

Bonds are both made and broken AB+C -> AC+B

Question 42

oxidized

Answer 42

reactants losing electrons are electron donors and are oxidized

Question 43

reduced

Answer 43

reactants taking up electrons are electon acceptors and become reduced

Question 44

exergonic reactions

Answer 44

reactions that relase energy

Question 45

endergonic reactions

Answer 45

reactions that absorb energy

Question 46

chemical equilibrium

Answer 46

if neither a forward or reverse reaction is dominant

Question 47

temperature

Answer 47

chemical reactions proceed quicker at higher temperatures.

Question 48

particle size

Answer 48

the smaller the particle the quicker the chemical reaction

Question 49

concentration

Answer 49

higher reacting particle concentrations produce faster reactions

Question 50

catalysts

Answer 50

increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed