Chapter 3

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

smallest unit of life, all organisms are made of one or more cells, cells arise from other cells.

Question 2

plasma membrane

Answer 2

selectively permeable, double bilayer of lipids imbedded with dispersed proteins, bilayer consists of phospholipids and cholesterol.

Question 3

tight junction

Answer 3

impermeable junction that encircles the cell

Question 4

desmosome

Answer 4

anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells

Question 5

gap junction

Answer 5

a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 7

concentration gradient

Answer 7

produced from an unequal amounts of solute on one side of a membrane, it creates diffusion

Question 8

simple diffusion

Answer 8

nonpolar and lipid soluble substances, diffuse through lipid bilayer and channel proteins.

Question 9

facilitated diffusion

Answer 9

transport of glucose, amino acids, and ions. transported substances bind carrier proteins or pass through protein channels.

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 11

osmolarity

Answer 11

total concentration of solute particles in a solution

Question 12

tonicity

Answer 12

how a solution affects cell volume and cell shape

Question 13

isotonic

Answer 13

solutions with the same solute concentration as that of the cytosol
red blood cells stay the same

Question 14

hypertonic

Answer 14

solutions having greater solute concentration then that of cytosol
red blood cells shrink

Question 15

hypotonic

Answer 15

solutions having greater solute concentration then that of cytosol
red blood cells swell

Question 16

active membrane transport

Answer 16

uses ATP to move solutes across a membrane

Question 17

primary active transport

Answer 17

hydrolysis of ATP phosphorylates the transport protein causing conformational change sodium/potassium pump

Question 18

endocytosis

Answer 18

enables large particles and macromolecules to enter the cell

Question 19

phagocytosis

Answer 19

pseudopods engulf solids and bring them into the cells interior

Question 20

exocytosis

Answer 20

moves substance from the cell interior to the extracellular space

Question 21

membrane potential

Answer 21

voltage across a membrane

Question 22

resting membrane potential

Answer 22

the point where K+ potential is balanced by the membrane potential.
class membrane potential= -70 millivolts

Question 23

cytoplasm

Answer 23

material between plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 24

membranous

Answer 24

mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, goldgi apperatis

Question 25

non membranous

Answer 25

cyto skeleton, centrioles, ribosomes

Question 26

mitochondria

Answer 26

sturcture- double membrane with shelf like cristae function-provides ATP

Question 27

ribosomes

Answer 27

structure- granulates containing protein rRNA. Function- protein synthesis

Question 28

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 28

Structure- set of tubes that arise from a nuclear envelope. Function-a transportation system

Question 29

Rough ER

Answer 29

structure- external surface studded with ribosomes. Function-protein synthesis

Question 30

smooth ER

Answer 30

structure-tubules arranged in a looping network function-speeds up chemical reactions

Question 31

Golgi apparatus

Answer 31

structure-stacked and flattened membranous sacs function-packaging proteins

Question 32

peroxisomes

Answer 32

structure-membranous sacs containing oxidases and catalases function-detoxify harmful substances

Question 33

lysosomes

Answer 33

structure- spherical bags containing digestive enzymes function-digest ingested bacteria, toxins, viruses

Question 34

cytoskeleton

Answer 34

structure- consists of microtubules, microfiliments, and intermediate filiments function-gives support

Question 35

microfilaments

Answer 35

structure-made out of actin function- bases and strengthens the cell surface.

Question 36

intermediate filaments

Answer 36

structure- made out of collagen function- holds cells together in a strong manner.

Question 37

microtubules

Answer 37

structure-made out of a protein called tubulin function-determines overall shape of cell

Question 38

centioles

Answer 38

structure- made of microtubules. function-during mitosis only

Question 39

cilia/flagella

Answer 39

both move things used for some type of locomotion cilia moves things across the cell flagella is used to propel the cell

Question 40

cilia/flagella

Answer 40

cilia-numerous flagella-singular cilia-located in the respiratory tract flagellum is only found on sperm

Question 41

nucleous

Answer 41

contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, and distinct compartments rich in specific protein sets genetic library with blueprint for all cellular proteins

Question 42

nuclear envelope

Answer 42

structure-double membrane barrier containing pores function-houses nucleoplasm

Question 43

nucleoi

Answer 43

structure-sack within the nucleus function- where they produce ribosomes

Question 44

chromatin

Answer 44

threadlike strands of DNA and histones unwound DNA

Question 45

interphase

Answer 45

Growth (G1)-growth Synthesis (S)-DNA replication Growth (G2)-prepare for mitosis (G0)- will not divide

Question 46

mitotic phase

Answer 46

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 47

mitosis

Answer 47

nuclear division

Question 48

cytokinesis

Answer 48

division of the cytoplasm

Question 49

mitois

Answer 49

prophase metaphase anaphase telephase

Question 50

cytokinesis

Answer 50

formed in late anaphase by contractile ring cytoplasm is pinched into 2 parts after mitosis ends