Chapter 2

Question 1

What fossil fuel was the vital energy supplier up to 1920 and list some of its disadvantages

Answer 1

Coal was the main fossil fuel. Its disadvantages are that it has an adverse effect on peoples health like giving the public asthma and also cancer. Smog can also be caused.

Question 2

What fossil fuel had a rapid increase from 1950 and what plan played a art in this

Answer 2

Crude oil had a rapid increase because of the marshal plan which seen Europe have an increase in roads and cars

Question 3

What are the four factors that increased fossil fuel usage

Answer 3

1. Increase in world population - This increases demand using up more fossil fuels
2. Increase in the number of goods and services - Consumers have had a growth in disposable income therefor companys offer more goods and services
3. Increased travel - Increased availability of flights throughout the year
   4- Capitalism- some argue that they just aim to maximise profits and don’t care about the environment

Question 4

Name 4 emerging economies

Answer 4

India, Brazil, China and Russia

Question 5

List 5 reasons demand will rise with these emerging economies

Answer 5

1. Infrastructure - crude oil will be needed to make concrete and steal etc
2. Technology- emerging economies will need plastics for the likes of telecomms
3. Health care - Pharmaceuticals will be in demand which uses crude oil
4. Energy - as the growth in population and new technology demand will rise for energy
5. Lifestyle- as disposable income goes up more people will get phones and other cosmetics

Question 6

What is the definition of fuel security

Answer 6

The uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price

Question 7

What is uninterrupted availability

Answer 7

This means the energy should always be available when required.

Question 8

What does a country need if they want strong fuel security

Answer 8

Strong foreign relations with the nations felling the fuel.
Safe transportation routes from nation to nation

Question 9

How does affordable price play into fuel security

Answer 9

If the fuel is to expensive there is no benefit in having a good supply of fuel

Question 10

How has fossil fuel reserves influenced geo politics

Answer 10

Nations with high fossil fuel reserves like iraq iran and other main fossil fuel suppling countries have been expoilted for years which leads to wars like the one in iran.

Question 11

What are the two main causes for habitat degradation

Answer 11

1. Deforestation - cutting down trees can kill animals who cant adapt to new habitats
2. Rise in sea levels / temperature - this can cause polar ice caps to melt and polar bears losing habitats

Question 12

What are the four effects burning fossil fuels has on the environment

Answer 12

1. Land and water contamination
2. Habitat degradation
3. Impact on biodiversity
4. Air quality reduction

Question 13

explain the effects of land and water contamination

Answer 13

Land contamination- fossil fuel spillages on land contaminate the ground
water contamination- an oil tanker spilling can cause contamination

Question 14

explain the effects of air quality from combusting fossil fuels

Answer 14

The combustion of fossil fuels puts harmful gas in the atmosphere which can cause acid rain

Question 15

explain the effects on biodiversity fossil fuels have

Answer 15

when some animals lose their habitat they die off as the cannot adapt to a new one they lose their habitat because trees can get cut down due to accessing new oil reserves