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Environmental technology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What natural occurrence causes wind?

A

The sun heating up the earth.

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2
Q

What hits the blades of the turbine to make it turn?

A

Air particles

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3
Q

Where does the electrical energy go that is produced by the wind turbine?

A

Energy can be used by the owner or the wind turbine or sent to the national grid.

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4
Q

What is stage 1 of generating electricity from fossil fuels?

A

Stage 1 is the combustion of fossil fuels

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5
Q

Where is fossil fuels combusted and what energy’s are released?

A

Fossil fuels are combusted in furnaces and chemical energy and thermal energy is released

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6
Q

What is stage 2 of creating electricity through fossil fuels.

A

Stage 2 is the evaporation of water.

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7
Q

How is the temperature of the water increased in the furnace in stage 2?

A

The thermal energy released when combusting the fossil fuels in stage 1 increases the temperature of the water.

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8
Q

What happens to the water when it reaches 100°C?

A

The water evaporates into steam and the steam is ejected into the steam turbine.

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9
Q

What is stage 3 of creating electricity by using fossil fuels?

A

Stage 3 is steam used to turn a turbine.

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10
Q

What makes the steam turbine turn?

A

The high velocity water molecules of steam colliding with the fin of the steam turbine makes the turbine spin.

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11
Q

Where is the steam sent after it is ejected through the steam turbine? And what happens the steam after the steam turbine?

A

The cooling towers and the steam is cooled down

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12
Q

What is stage 4 of creating electricity through the use of fossil fuels?

A

Stage 4 is condensing in the cooling towers

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13
Q

What happens the steam when it enters the cooling towers?

A

The steam loses a lot of energy as it is condensed

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14
Q

Where does the liquid go after it is condensed from steam?

A

Back to the furnace to be recirculated

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15
Q

Why is the creation of electricity by using fossil fuels only 40% efficient

A

The cooling towers eject the steam into the atmosphere which release a large amount of waste energy.

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16
Q

What is the definition for direct renewable energy sources?

A

‘These renewable energies take energy from a renewable source such as the wind or waves in the ocean and can convert this into electrical energy directly’

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17
Q

What is the definition of indirect renewable energy source?

A

‘These take energy from a renewable source such as the Sun using a physical characteristic of the material being used, and convert this energy into electrical energy’.

18
Q

List 4 examples of direct renewable sources of energy

A

Wind, hydroelectric, wave and tidal.

19
Q

Give 2 examples of indirect renewable energy sources.

A

Solar pv and biomass

20
Q

In order list the energy changes a wind turbine goes through.

A

Kinetic energy from the wind transfers to kinetic energy into the hub which transfers to kinetic energy in the gear box which finally creates electrical energy in the generator

21
Q

In order list the energy changes that occur in solar PV

A

Radiant energy from the sun transfers to electrical energy in the photovoltaic panel

22
Q

In order list the energy transfer in hydroelectric power.

A

The gpe of the water in the dam transfers to kinetic energy when the water starts to move it then transfers the kinetic energy into the turbine as the turbine starts to move the turbine then turns the kinetic energy into electrical energy.

23
Q

List the energy transfer in tidal power in order.

A

It starts as gpe behind the tidal barrier then when the barrier is open the energy transfers to kinetic energy from the moving water, after the waters ran through the turbine the kinetic energy transfers to the turbine as it begins to move, from the turbine electrical energy is transferred to the generator.

24
Q

List in order the energy transfers in wave energy.

A

Radiant energy from sun heats up ground and air differently which causes wind with kinetic energy, kinetics energy of the caused kinetic energy of waves to form, when the waves oscillate through the tube this turns a generator causes electrical energy to form

25
Q

List the energy transfers in biomass in order

A

The burning of the biomass fuel releases chemical energy which inturn releases thermal energy steam is the formed which creates more thermal energy this steam is then ejected into a turbine which transfers to kinetic energy which then generates electricity in a generator.

26
Q

What is stage 1 of transmission of electricity across the national grid?

A

Stage one is producing electricity in the power station

27
Q

What is stage 2 in the Transmission of Electrical Energy Across the National Grid and why does this need to be done?

A

Stage 2 is the electricity going to the step-up transformer, this needs to happen as it higher the voltage which in turn lowers the current and reduces energy loss as it stops the wires from heating up and Inturn makes it more efficient.

28
Q

What is stage 3 in the Transmission of Electrical Energy Across the National Grid and why do they use low resistance cables?

A

Stage three is the transmission of electricity through the lines, they use low resistance wires to minimize energy loss and make the transmission more efficient.

29
Q

What is stage 4 of the Transmission of Electrical Energy Across the National Grid and why does this need to take place?

A

Stage 4 is the transfer of electricity to the step down transformer this needs to take place to bring the voltage back down to a safe use for the consumers.

30
Q

Why will the conventional flow of electricity in one direction not satisfy future needs?

A

Consumers can now have their own solar pv panels and wind turbines and now become the producer in a renewable way.

31
Q

What is the definition of a smart grid?

A

‘A computer-controlled electricity network that switches input from one energy source to another as demand for energy varies on the grid’.

32
Q

What are the four requirements in a smart grid?

A

1- predict demand
2- measuring output from renewables
3- Adapting non renewable power outputs
4- exporting and importing from other nations

33
Q

State 3 benefits of a smart grid

A

1- Maximizes renewables
2- minimizes fossil fuels
3- control electricity demand

34
Q

Outline 3 ways in which a SMART grid can facilitate the efficient supply and distribution of electricity.

A

1- By using a network of intelligent meters located throughout the grid to accurately predict demand.
2- By incorporating electricity generated by a wide range of energy sources, including renewables, in order to meet demand.
3- By incorporating energy generated from international energy sources.

35
Q

What is an interconnecter and what does it facilitate?

A

An interconnecter is simply an electrical cable joining two nations together, it facilitates one nation exporting energy to another

36
Q

2 environmental benefits of an interconnector

A
  1. Electrical energy from renewables from one nation can be exported to other nations when production exceeds demand, this then leads to the nations exceeding demands using less fossil fuel

2.Connections to nations such as Norway facilitates storage of renewable energy by means of pumped hydro. They can then be used when required by EU nations connected together.

37
Q

State 2 economic benefit of interconnecter

A
  1. An interconnected European grid enables nations to import energy from other nations. With more competition for business, this will drive down costs for consumers.
  2. A nation’s and a region’s fuel security is increased greatly, and the EU member states will be less reliant on volatile fossil fuel prices in the years ahead.
38
Q

How does interconnecters on the smart grid benefit other countries

A

Excess wind and solar energy that is cheap can be transferred from one nation to another which will efficiently use up all renewable energy generated.

39
Q

What is another name for chp

A

Co-generation

40
Q

Two roles of chp in improving energy efficiency in traditional power plants?

A

1-chp integrates the production of usable heat and electricity
2- it’s one single highly efficient process

41
Q

2 more roles of chp in improving energy efficiency in traditional power plants

A

1-CHP generates electricity whilst also capturing usable heat that is produced in this process.
2-This contrasts with traditional ways of generating electricity where vast amounts of heat are wasted.

42
Q

State 4 advantages of chp.

A

1- The efficiency of the overall process can exceed 80%
2- The plant is usually located close to the consumer so less transmission energy is lost
3- Carbon emissions are reduced as less fuel is used
4- Energy bills can be minimized for consumers

Environmental technology (9 decks)

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