Chapter 2

Question 1

Research vs. Authority

Answer 1

Authority people are also people who can be biased and wrong
Could be based on authority’s research
Could be authority’s personal experience or intuition

Question 1

Research vs. Your Experiences

Answer 1

No comparison group with experience
Experience is confounded
Research is better than experience
Research results are probabilistic

Question 2

Research vs. Your Intuition

Answer 2

Intuition can be biased (cognitive and motivational biases)
Being swayed by a good story (cognitive)
Being persuaded by what comes easily to mind (cognitive)
Failing to think about what we cannot see (cognitive)
Focusing on the evidence we like best (motivational)
Biased about being biased (motivational)
Self serving bias (motivational)
Asking biased question (motivational)

Question 3

Empirical Journal Articles

Answer 3

Report, for the first time, results of an empirical research study

Question 4

Review Journal Articles

Answer 4

Summarize and integrate all the published studies done in one research area
Meta-analysis

Question 5

Meta-Analysis

Answer 5

Combines the results of many studies and gives a number that summarizes the magnitude or effect size of the relationship

Question 6

Chapters

Answer 6

One or more editors who invite experts in the field to contribute a chapter on a specific topic (typically not peer reviewed)
Overview of theory in a specific area of research and a review of findings in that area