Chapter 2 Flashcards
A Chemical Reaction is…
making or breaking chemical bonds
A Catalyst is…
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
Anabolism is…
A type of chemical reaction
A Synthesis reaction
large molecules are formed by combining smaller molecules, requires energy: A + B -> AB
Catabolism is…
A type of chemical reaction
Decomposition reaction
large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, usually releases energy:AB -> A + B
Exchange reaction is when…
molecules are broken down then reformed to make a different molecules: AB + CD <-> AD + BC
Oxidation is when…
a molecule loses an electron
Reduction is when…
a molecule gains an electron
What are Inorganic Compounds?
small, ionically bound molecules
lack carbon
vital to body functions
Ex: water, electrolytes, many acids, bases and salts
Water is…
considered to be the universal solvent
a polar molecule; hydrophylic (“water loving”) which allows other polar molecules to be dissolved in it
has a high heat capacity, i.e. a substance that requires a lot of energy to increase its temperature
What is Acid?
A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+ = a proton)
What is a Base?
A proton acceptor or a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-)
The pH scale is a…
measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
(runs from zero to 14, 7 is neutral)
(below pH 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline)
What are Organic Compounds?
contain carbon that is chemically bonded (covalently) to hydrogen
large biologically important molecules
contain the elements C,H,O,N,P,S
A Carbohydrates Primary Function is?
energy source
Carbohydrates are?
Sugars, starches, glycogen
A Monosaccharide is a..
simple sugar, a monomer (individual subunit that is used to make more complex molecules)
A type of carbohydrate
A Disaccharide is..
two monosaccharides that are chemically bonded together
ex. Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
a type of carbohydrate
A Polysaccharide is..
many monosaccharides chemically bonded together
ex. Glycogen
a type of carbohydrate
A Lipid is…
essential to the structure and funtion of cell membranes; energy storage
non-polar (a substance that doesn’t dissolve in water)
What is a Triglyceride?
a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids
a simple lipid
A Phospholipid is…
a triglyceride where one of the fatty acids has been removed then replaced with a molecule that contains a phosphate group
Phospholipids are amphipathic, i.e. have both polar and nonpolar regions
a type of complex lipid
A Steroid is made from?
Cholesterol
What are Steroids used for?
hormones and cell membranes
What are the Fat Soluble Vitamins?
A, D, E, K
