Chapter 2

Question 1

How is oxygen imporant to the body,

Answer 1

Vital for cellular respiration

Question 2

How is carbon important to the body,

Answer 2

Building block of organic molecule, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids

Question 3

Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids organic or inorganic?,

Answer 3

orgainic

Question 4

How is Hydrogen important to the body,

Answer 4

Key component of water which is a significant portion of the body

Question 5

how is nitrogen important to the body,

Answer 5

Crucial component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins

Question 6

If an atom has an atomic mass of 12 and atomic number of 6 how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have? and what is its net charge,

Answer 6

6 p, 6 n, 6 e, no charge

Question 7

What are valence electrons,

Answer 7

Electrons located in the outermost energy shell of an atom, which determine the atoms reactivity

Question 8

Is carbon (6) reactive,

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

Is helium (2) reactive,

Answer 9

no

Question 10

Is Sodium (11) reactive,

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Is Chloride (17) Reactive,

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Is Boron (5) reactive,

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What changes in isotopes?

Answer 13

number of neutrons

Question 14

Is O=O polar or nonpolar,

Answer 14

nonpolar

Question 15

Is C(6)-H(1) polar or nonpolar,

Answer 15

Nonpolar

Question 16

Are fats polar or nonpolar,

Answer 16

Nonpolar

Question 17

Are sugars polar or nonpolar,

Answer 17

polar

Question 18

Is C-C polar or nonpolar,

Answer 18

nonpolar

Question 19

Is C(6)O2(8) polar or nonpolar,

Answer 19

Nonpolar

Question 20

Is H2(1)O(8) polar or nonpolar,

Answer 20

polar

Question 21

Is C(6)H4(1) polar or nonpolar,

Answer 21

Nonpolar

Question 22

Is N(7)H2(1) polar or nonpolar,

Answer 22

Polar

Question 23

Does a cation lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the cation in NaCl,

Answer 23

Lose, +, Na

Question 24

Does an anion lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the anion in NaCl,

Answer 24

Gain, -, Cl

Question 25

Acid has ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,

Answer 25

More; less; lower

Question 26

Bases have ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,

Answer 26

Less, more; higher

Question 27

How would adding a buffer bring a soultions pH up?,

Answer 27

The OH- in th ebase would remove the H+ from the solution, increasing the pH

Question 28

Define a chemical element,

Answer 28

A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances via chemical processes

Question 29

what 4 elements make up 96% of the human body?,

Answer 29

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 30

What is the difference btw an element and a compound,

Answer 30

A compound is a mixture of elements, elements are made of atoms

Question 31

what makes up atoms,

Answer 31

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 32

Explain the processes that result in chemical reaction,

Answer 32

chemical bonds break & the atoms separate & rearrange themselves into new substances w/ new chimcal bonds

Question 33

What is atomic mass,

Answer 33

Protons + neutrons

Question 34

What are the 3 types of chemical bonds, how do they form, and how strong are they,

Answer 34

covalent: strongest, sharing of electrons Ionic: give/take electrons Hydrogen: weakest, bond of hydrogen atoms

Question 35

How is the attraction of electrons related to the polar covalent bonds in water,

Answer 35

Hydrogen is positive and the oxygen is negitive which is why water molecules can bond with other water molecules

Question 36

What is an aqueous soultion? what is a solvent and solute?,

Answer 36

Aqueous: water solution Solvent: dissolving agent Solute: Substance dissolving

Question 37

What is a pH buffer and how does it work,

Answer 37

A soultion of weak acid & base that resists a change in pH following addition of small amounts of a strong base. A buffer can Accept H+ if its pH gets low (weak base role) or donate H+ if the pH gets high (weak acid role)

Question 38

Further the shell from the center, ____ the pull

Answer 38

greater

Question 39

In each shell, electrons are orgainized into _______. There are __ in the first shell and __ in every shell after

Answer 39

orbitals; 2; 4

Question 40

What is electronegativity

Answer 40

an atoms attraction for shared electrons

Question 41

Does H have a strong or weak electronegativity

Answer 41

weak

Question 42

Does N(7) have a strong or weak electronegaitvity

Answer 42

strong

Question 43

Bonds with __ & __ are usually nonpolar

Answer 43

C & H

Question 44

Bonds with __ & __ are usually polar

Answer 44

O & N

Question 45

define endothermic

Answer 45

heat is absorbed to break H bonds

Question 46

Define Exothermic

Answer 46

Heat is released to form H bonds

Question 47

Acid ____ H+ Ions

Answer 47

donates

Question 48

Base ____ H+ ions

Answer 48

accepts