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medical terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

before, front

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4
Q

caud/o

A

lower part of body, tail

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5
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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6
Q

cyt/o cyte

A

cell

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7
Q

end, end/o

A

in, within, inside

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8
Q

exo

A

out of, outside, away from

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9
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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10
Q

ologist

A

specialist

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11
Q

ology

A

the science or study

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12
Q

path/o ,pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

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13
Q

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

A

development, growth, formation

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14
Q

poster/o

A

behind, toward the back

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15
Q

-stasis, -static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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16
Q

Anatomic reference systems

A

are used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body. The simplest anatomic reference is the one we learn in childhood: our right hand is on the right, and our left hand on the left.
In medical terminology, there are several additional ways to describe the location of different body parts. These anatomical reference systems include:
Body planes
Body directions
Body cavities
Structural units
When body parts work together to perform a related function, they are grouped together and are known as a body system.

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17
Q

Anatomy

A

is the study of the structures of the body.

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18
Q

Physiology

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A

is the study of the functions of the structures of the body (physi means nature or physical, and -ology means study of).

19
Q

anatomic position

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A

describes the body standing in the standard position. This includes:
Standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward.
Holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward the front.

20
Q

vertical plane

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A

is an up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon

21
Q

Body planes

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A

are imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes (Figure 2.1). These planes are aligned to a body standing in the anatomic position.

Body planes: the midsagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right halves. The transverse plane divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. The frontal plane divides the body into anterior or ventral (front) and posterior or dorsal (back) portions.

22
Q

sagittal plane

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A

is a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions.

23
Q

midsagittal plane

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A

also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

24
Q

frontal plane

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A

is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Also known as the coronal plane, it is located at right angles to the sagittal plane

25
transverse plane
is a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. A transverse plane can be at the waist or at any other level across the body
26
Ventral
refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body (ventr means belly side of the body, and -al means pertaining to). Ventral is the opposite of dorsal.
27
Dorsal
refers to the back of the organ or body (dors means back of the body, and -al means pertaining to). Dorsal is the opposite of ventral.
28
Body directions:
Cephalic means toward the head, and caudal means toward the feet. Anterior means toward the front, and the front of the body is known as the ventral surface. Posterior means toward the back, and the back of the body is known as the dorsal surface.
29
Body directions:
Proximal means situated nearest the midline, and distal means situated farthest from the midline. Medial means toward or nearer the midline, and lateral means toward the side and away from the midline.
30
Anterior
means situated in the front. It also means on the front or forward part of an organ (anter means front or before, and -ior means pertaining to). For example, the stomach is located anterior to (in front of) the pancreas. Anterior is also used in reference to the ventral surface of the body. Anterior is the opposite of posterior
31
Posterior
means situated in the back. It also means on the back part of an organ (poster means back or toward the back, and -ior means pertaining to). For example, the pancreas is located posterior to (behind) the stomach. The term posterior is also used in reference to the dorsal surface of the body. Posterior is the opposite of anterior.
32
Superior
means uppermost, above, or toward the head. For example, the lungs are located superior to(above) the diaphragm. Superior is the opposite of inferior.
33
Inferior
means lowermost, below, or toward the feet. For example, the stomach is located inferior to (below) the diaphragm. Inferior is the opposite of superior.
34
Cephalic
means toward the head (cephal means head, and -ic means pertaining to). Cephalic is the opposite of caudal.
35
Caudal
means toward the lower part of the body (caud means tail or lower part of the body, and -al means pertaining to). Caudal is the opposite of cephalic.
36
Proximal
means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure. For example, the proximal end of the humerus (bone of the upper arm) forms part of the shoulder. Proximal is the opposite of distal
37
Distal
means situated farthest from the mid-line or beginning of a body structure.
38
Medial
means the direction toward, or nearer, the midline. For example, the medial ligament of the knee is near the inner surface of the leg (Figure 2.3). Medial is the opposite of lateral.
39
Lateral
means the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline. For example, the lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg. Lateral is the opposite of medial. Bilateral means relating to, or having, two sides.
40
The two major body cavities
which are the dorsal (back) and the ventral (front) cavities, are spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
41
dorsal cavity
which is located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions:
42
cranial cavity
which is located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain. Cranial means pertaining to the skull.
43
spinal cavity
which is located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
44

medical terminology (3 decks)

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