CHAPTER 2

Question 1

When did microscopic biology begin

Answer 1

1665

Question 2

Who discovered that organisms are made up of cells and created an improved version of the microscope

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

When did Robert Hooke discover that organisms are made up of cells

Answer 3

1635-1703

Question 4

Who expanded the study of cells in the 1830s

Answer 4

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Question 5

Who discovered the basic rules of heredity of garden peas

Answer 5

Gregor Mendel

Question 6

When was the basic rules of heredity discovered

Answer 6

1865

Question 7

Who discovered DNA and called it nuclein

Answer 7

Johann Friedrich Miescher

Question 8

when was DNA called nuclein

Answer 8

1869

Question 9

Who showed chromosomes are composed of nuclein

Answer 9

Edward Zacharias

Question 10

When did they discover that chromosomes are composed of nuclein

Answer 10

1881

Question 11

Who renamed nuclein to nucleic acid

Answer 11

Richard Altmann

Question 12

whn was nuclein renamed to nucleic acid

Answer 12

1899

Question 13

When was the chemical structures of 20 amino acids had been identified

Answer 13

1900

Question 14

Who won a nobel prize by showing amino acids are linked and form proteins

Answer 14

Emil Hermann Fischer

Question 15

When did Emil Hermann Fischer won th nobel prize

Answer 15

1902

Question 16

Who discovered that genes on chromosome are the secrete unit of heredity

Answer 16

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 17

When was genes on chromosome dicovered to be the discrete units o heredity

Answer 17

1911

Question 18

who discovered RNA

Answer 18

Pheobus Aaron Theodore Lerene

Question 19

when was RNA discovered

Answer 19

1911

Question 20

Who identified that genes make proteins

Answer 20

George Beadle and Edward Tatum

Question 21

When was it identified that genes makes proteins

Answer 21

1941

Question 22

who found that Cytosine complements Guanine and Adenine complement Thymine

Answer 22

Edwin Chargaff

Question 23

Ratio of A:T

Answer 23

1:1

Question 24

Ratio of G:C

Answer 24

1:1

Question 25

Who is the father of genetics

Answer 25

Gregor Mendel

Question 26

Who first isolated tRNA

Answer 26

Mahlon Bush

Question 27

Who made genes from DNA

Answer 27

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Question 28

When was DNA made from genes

Answer 28

1952

Question 29

who deduced the double helical structure of DNA (earliest model of DNA material)

Answer 29

James D Watson and Francis H. C. Crick

Question 30

When was the double helical structure of DNA deduced

Answer 30

1952-1953

Question 31

who showed the site for enzymes manufacturing in the cytoplasm is made on RNA organelles called ribosomes

Answer 31

George Emil Parade

Question 32

When was the site for enzymes manufacturing in the cytoplasm is made on RNA organelles called ribosomes discovered

Answer 32

1956

Question 33

Who independently isolated the first restriction enzyme

Answer 33

Howard Temin and David Baltimore

Question 34

When was the first restriction enzyme idependently isolated

Answer 34

1970

Question 35

Crucial for cutting r splitting DNA and specific sequence

Answer 35

Restriction enzyme

Question 36

who developed automated sequencing mechanism

Answer 36

Leroy Hood

Question 37

when was the automated sequencing mechanism developed

Answer 37

1986

Question 38

when was the Human Genome Initiative announced

Answer 38

1986

Question 39

when was the moderate-resolution maps of chromosomes 3,11, and 22 were published

Answer 39

1995

Question 40

When was the first bacterial genomes sequenced

Answer 40

1995

Question 41

Who was th first to sequence bacterial genomes

Answer 41

John Craig Venter

Question 42

what was the first bacterial genome to b sequenced

Answer 42

Hemophilus influenzae

Question 43

when was the automated fluorescent sequencing and robotics operations developed

Answer 43

1995

Question 44

When was the first Eukaryotic genome-yeast sequenced?

Answer 44

1996

Question 45

when was the first human chromosome sequenced

Answer 45

1999

Question 46

when did the International Human Genome Sequencing published the first draft of the sequence of the human genome

Answer 46

2001

Question 47

when was the human Genome Project completed

Answer 47

April 2003

Question 48

How many base pairs are determined during the Human Genome Project

Answer 48

3.3 billion

Question 49

Genomes being sequenced by the dozen

Answer 49

Next-generation sequencing

Question 50

Biological molecule RNA an DNA tha allow organisms to reproduce

Answer 50

Nucleic acid

Question 51

Basic physical and functionaunits of heredity located on the chromosomes

Answer 51

Gene

Question 52

Consists of specific sequences of DNA bases

Answer 52

Gene

Question 53

Encode instructions on how to make proteins

Answer 53

Genes

Question 54

The genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 54

Genotype

Question 55

The physical expressed traits of an organism

Answer 55

Phenotype

Question 56

The genetic material of all cellular organisms and most viruses is the gigantic molecule that is used to encode genetic information fo all life on earth

Answer 56

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 57

Conatins 2 complementary strands of nucleotides

Answer 57

Double helix

Question 58

contents of double helix

Answer 58

- deoxyribose (sugar molecule) - phosphate group - nitrogenous base

Question 59

the storage place for all genetic information, the number o chromosomes varies from on species to another

Answer 59

Chromosome

Question 60

How many pairs of chromosomes are in a normal human cell DNA

Answer 60

23

Question 61

How many pairs of autosomes are are in a normal human cell DNA

Answer 61

22

Question 62

Where are genes located in the chromosome

Answer 62

Locus