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MOLBIO > CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Long term storage of genetic information

A

DNA

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2
Q

used to transfer genetic information in organism

A

RNA

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3
Q

propagation of DNA

A

self-replicating

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4
Q

method of propagation is synthesizing from DNA on an as-needed basis

A

RNA

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5
Q

sugar of DNA

A

2’ - Deoxyribose

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6
Q

what are the nucleotide bases in Pyrimidine

A
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine/Uracil
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7
Q

what are the nucleotide bases under purine

A
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
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8
Q

Location of DNA

A
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
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9
Q

Location of RNA

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleolus
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
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10
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Double stranded linear (eukaryotes) or circular (prokaryotes)

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11
Q

structure of RNA

A

single-stranded; branched

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12
Q

t/f: only purine-pyrimidine pairs fit inside the double helix

A

t

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13
Q

what bonds form between the nucleotide pairs

A

Hydrogen bond

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14
Q

how many hydrogen bonds form between G:C

A

3

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15
Q

how many hydrogen bonds form between A: T

A

2

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16
Q

The rule that in DNA there is always equality in quantity between the bases A and T between the bases G and C

A

Chargaff’s Rule

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17
Q

consists of a sequence of nitrogen-containing bases

A

Primary Structure

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18
Q

results from complementary base pairing includes short regions of double helices and structures called hairpins

A

Secondary structure

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19
Q

3D arrangement of RNA molecule

A

tertiary

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20
Q

RNA molecules associated with proteins

A

Quaternary structure

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21
Q

bulging structure in the RNA

A

loop ( d/t Nitrogen bases not complementary with each other)

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22
Q

make up an integral part of the ribososme

A

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

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23
Q

organize translation of mRNA

A

rRNA

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24
Q

structure that helps in taking the instructions from the mRNA and use these to organize the tRNA carrying amino acids to assemble the protein sequence

A

rRNA

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25
provides binding sites for mRNA and tRNA
rRNA
26
these are binding sites for tRNA in a ribosome
- A site (amino-acyl) - P site (peptidyl binding site) - E site (exit)
27
accepts the incoming aminoacylated tRNA
A site
28
holds the tRNA which is linked to the growing polypeptide chain
P site
29
holds the tRNA before it leaves the ribosome
E site
30
how many S is in the larger subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome
50S
31
this catalyzes the peptide bond formation between Amino Acids
larger subunit of a ribosome
32
how many S is in the smaller subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome
30S
33
what is the total S of the prokaryotic ribosome
70S
34
how many S is in the larger subunit of a eukaryotic ribosome
60S
35
how many S is in the smaller subunit of a eukaryotic ribosome
40S
36
what is the total S of a eukaryotic ribosome
80S
37
acts as a template for protein synthesis and has the same sequence of bases as the DNA strand that has the gene sequence
messenger RNA (mRNA)
38
mRNA product after transcription it must be further processed for error, to prevent degradation and stability
pre-mRNA transcripts
39
initial RNA products of transcription in eukaryotes
pre-mRNA transcripts
40
important for translation
tRNA (transfer RNA)
41
type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein
tRNA
42
reads the mRNA from 5' to 3' end
tRNA
43
has an anti-codon that binds to matching mRNA through base pairing
tRNA
44
on the opposite side has an amino acid covalently attached to it
tRNA
45
Three postulated methods of DNA replication
- semi-conservative - conservative - dispersive
46
protein that removes helical twists by cutting a DNA strand and then resealing the cut
topoisomerase
47
separates two strands (unwinds and opens the helix)
Helicase
48
RNA primer synthesis
Primase
49
protects the DNA strands from degradation, modulate the activity of proteins involved
Single Strand Binding protein
50
synthesis of new strand
DNA polymerase
51
stabilizes polymerase
tethering protein
52
seals nick via phosphodiester linkage
DNA ligase
53
STEPS OF DNA REPLICATION
1. Process of unwinding and unzipping 2. single strand binding protein 3. primase 4. DNA polymerase 5. RNA primase 6. DNA ligase
54
5' to 3' direction towards the replication fork
leading strand
55
5' to 3' direction away from the replication fork
lagging strand
56
begins once the promoter gene sequence is detected by the transcription factors called TATA box
initiation
57
is a DNA sequence that indicates which specific molecule where transcription begins
TATA box
58
TATA box + transcription factors (RNA polymerase) =
Transcription Initiation Complex
59
complete assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase and initiative transcription
Transcription Initiation Complex
60
unwound DNA strand
Elongation
61
3' to 5'
Template strand
62
template used to make mRNA and is active in transcription
Template strand
63
5' to 3'
Coding strand
64
mRNA-like strand except for the Uracil and has no role in transcription
Coding strand
65
RNA polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene
Termination
66
Importance of termination
- Check for mistakes or errors - allows the mRNA to be exported to the ribosome - additional protection from photochemical mutations and gate pass
67
accepts the incoming aminoacylated tRNA aka "landing site"
A site
68
holds the tRNA which is linked to the growing polypeptide chain
P site
69
holds the tRNA before it leaves the ribosome
E site

MOLBIO (8 decks)

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