Chapter 2

Question 1

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the ______

Answer 1

Atomic number

Question 2

At the center of an atom the positive charged subatomic particles is called a ______

Answer 2

Proton (purple) +
Positive charge

Question 3

At the center of an atom the not charged subatomic particle is called the _______

Answer 3

Neutron (no charge) blank

Question 4

The orbiting cloud of a third kind of subatomic particle with a negative charge is the ________

Answer 4

Electron (yellow) -
Negative charge

Question 5

What charge does a Neutron have?

Answer 5

None, no charge

Question 6

What charge does a Proton have?

Answer 6

A positive charge

Question 7

What charge does a electron have?

Answer 7

Negative charge

Question 8

What is an electrically neutral atom?

Answer 8

When the electrons negative charge balances the protons positive charge (+,—)

Question 9

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the _______

Answer 9

Mass number

Question 10

A carbon atom that has six protons and six neutrons has a mass number of ____

Answer 10

12

Question 11

Atoms where the number of electrons does not equal the amount of protons because they have gained or lost one or more electrons are called _____

Answer 11

Ions

Question 12

A group of atoms held together by energy

Answer 12

Molecule

Question 13

The energy force holding two atoms together is called a ________

Answer 13

Chemical bond

Question 14

What are the three principal kinds of chemical bonds?

Answer 14

Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Covalent bonds

Question 15

Positively charged ions are called

Answer 15

Cation

Question 16

Negatively charged ions are called

Answer 16

Anions

Question 17

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called

Answer 17

Isotopes

Question 18

What’s the difference between an Anion and a Cation Ion?

Answer 18

When a atom looses an electron and it does not equal the number of protons in the nucleus it becomes an ion. Then if it’s one electron short it’s a Cation. If an atom Gaines an extra electron from another atom it’s an anion.

Question 19

What is a molecule

Answer 19

A group of atoms held together by Energy, energy is glue

Question 20

Isotopes of an atom have the same ______ number but different ______ number.

Answer 20

Atomic, mass

Question 21

The energy or force holding two atoms together is called a

Answer 21

Chemical bond

Question 22

What do chemical bonds determine

Answer 22

The shapes of the large biological molecules

Question 23

Chemical bonds that form when atoms are attracted to each other by opposite electrical charges.

Answer 23

Ionic bonds

Question 24

What are two key properties of ionic bonds?

Answer 24

They are strong, they are non directional.

Question 25

Strong chemical bond formed betweeen two atoms when they share electrons.

Answer 25

Covalent bonds

Question 26

Molecular magnet, with positive and negative ends or “poles” one portion of the molecule attracts electrons more strongly that another portion is called

Answer 26

Polar molecules

Question 27

Molecules that don’t exhibit a large difference in electronegatives of its atom like the carbon hydrogen bonds of methane are

Answer 27

Nonpolar Molecules

Question 28

Two key properties of covalent bonds

Answer 28

They are strong, sharing lots of energy They are very directional- bonds form between two specific (intentional) atoms

Question 29

Bonds that accur when the positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative end of another like magnets

Answer 29

Hydrogen bond

Question 30

Electrons equally shared between atoms

Answer 30

Non polar covalent bonds

Question 31

Forms when electronegativity difference between atoms is very large. Loosing an electron would benefit one atom more than sharing

Answer 31

Ionic bond

Question 32

Two atoms are very close together, attraction is WEAK and disappears if they move a little.

Answer 32

Can der waals forces

Question 33

Hydrogen bonds require considerable heat before they break, minimizing temperature changes.

Answer 33

Heat storage

Question 34

Water molecules in an ice crystal are spaced relatively far apart because of hydrogen bonding

Answer 34

Ice formation

Question 35

Many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate

Answer 35

High heat of vaporization

Question 36

Hydrogen bonds hold molecules of water together

Answer 36

Cohesion

Question 37

Water molecules are attracted to ions and polar compounds.

Answer 37

High polarity

Question 38

Hydrophilic

Answer 38

Hydro (water) Philic (loving) describing polar molecules, which form hydrogen bonds with water and are soluble in water

Question 39

Difference between ion and polar molecule

Answer 39

Ions are a full charge due to loss or gain (positive or negative) Polar molecules are partial (slightly more positive or negative) just kinda pulling them their direction

Question 40

No polar compounds shrink from contact with water. Do not form hydrogen bonds with water and are not soluble in water.

Answer 40

Hydrophobic

Question 41

Positive ion (H+)

Answer 41

Hydrogen

Question 42

A substance that takes up or releases hydrogen ions (H+) to maintain the pH within a certain range

Answer 42

A buffer

Question 43

Negative ion (OH-)

Answer 43

Hydroxide

Question 44

Any substance that dissociates in water to increase the concentration of H+ is called an

Answer 44

Acid

Question 45

Acidic solutions have pH values below

Answer 45

7

Question 46

Any substance that combines with H+ when dissolved in water is called a

Answer 46

Base

Question 47

The subatomic particles involved in chemical reactions are the

Answer 47

Electrons

Question 48

Moving an electron away from the positively charged nucleus of an atom _______ while moving an electron toward the nucleus _______

Answer 48

Requires an input of energy, results in an electron with less potential energy

Question 49

The spherical orbital located in the first electron shell of all atoms is the ______ orbital while the _______ orbital is shaped like a dumbbell and present in all atoms with more than one electron shell.

Answer 49

S, s,,,,, P, p

Question 50

What is the function of electrons in chemical reactions

Answer 50

They interact with the electrons of other atoms

Question 51

Cells must regulate pH to prevent detrimental changes to the ______ that govern metabolism

Answer 51

Protein(s)

Question 52

The energy levels of electrons in orbit around a nucleus within an atom are referred to as electron _______

Answer 52

Shells

Question 53

Contained in the first energy level of any atom

Answer 53

One orbital

Question 54

Contained in the second electron energy level

Answer 54

Four orbitals

Question 55

Maximum number of electrons contained in one p or one s orbital

Answer 55

2 electrons

Question 56

Maximum number of electrons contained in the second electron shell

Answer 56

8 electrons

Question 57

A solutions _____ is equal to the negative log of its hydrogen ion concentration.

Answer 57

pH

Question 58

Because water has a high heat of vaporization, a considerable amount of heat energy is _______

Answer 58

Removed when water evaporates