Chapter 5

Question 1

Stored energy is released as _________ energy.

Answer 1

Kinetic

Question 2

What is energy

Answer 2

The ability to do work

Question 3

What are the two forms of energy

Answer 3

Kinetic and Potential

Question 4

Stored energy that can be used for motion.

Answer 4

Potential energy

Question 5

The energy of motion

Answer 5

Kinetic energy

Question 6

The making or breaking of chemical bonds.

Answer 6

Chemical reaction

Question 7

The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant, energy can transform but never be created or destroyed

Answer 7

First law of Thermodynamics

Question 8

The amount of disorder, or entropy, in the universe is increasing. Energy is transforming from potential to heat energy.

Answer 8

Second law of Thermodynamics

Question 9

A measure of the disorder of a system.

Answer 9

Entropy

Question 10

The original molecules before the chemical reaction occurs are called ______.

Answer 10

Reactants; or sometimes substrates.

Question 11

The molecules that result after the reaction has taken place are called ______.

Answer 11

Products

Question 12

What are the two kinds of chemical reactions?

Answer 12

Endergonic and Exergonic

Question 13

All chemical reactions require an initial input of energy called the _______.

Answer 13

Activation energy

Question 14

Product that has less energy than the reactant; energy out; spontaneous

Answer 14

Exergonic

Question 15

Product that has more energy than the reactant; energy in; not spontaneous.

Answer 15

Endergonic

Question 16

The process of lowering the activation energy of a reaction is called ________.

Answer 16

Catalysis

Question 17

Reactions become more spontaneous if their activation energy is lowered this process is called _____.

Answer 17

Catalysis

Question 18

The catalyst used by cells to touch off particular chemical reactions, can be made of proteins or Nucleic acids.

Answer 18

Enzymes

Question 19

The site on the enzyme surface where the reactant fits is called the ______.

Answer 19

Active site

Question 20

The site on the reactant that binds to an enzyme is called the ________.

Answer 20

Binding site

Question 21

The edges of the enzyme will hug the reactants leading to an __________ between the enzyme and its reactant like wrapping your hands around a baseball

Answer 21

Induced fit

Question 22

A site on the surface of the enzyme that binds to a reactant is _______.

Answer 22

Active site

Question 23

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the cell

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

Several of these reactions occur in a fixed sequence where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next.

Answer 24

Biochemical pathways

Question 25

Organizational units of metabolism where catalyzed reactions can occur together in sequence

Answer 25

Biochemical pathway

Question 26

Enzymes function within an optimum ________ and ______ range.

Answer 26

Temperature and pH range

Question 27

Enzymes work best At temperatures near the normal body temperature of ______. And within a pH range of _______.

Answer 27

37°C - 40°C ; 6 to 8

Question 28

Many enzymes have shapes that can be altered by the binding of “signal” molecules to their surfaces, these enzymes are called ________.

Answer 28

Allosteric

Question 29

Inhibited

Answer 29

Hinder, restrain, prevent.

Question 30

Inhibit the cell when bound (don’t allow enzymes to connect with substrates)

Answer 30

Repressors

Question 31

Changing the shape of the enzyme so that it can bind the substrate (reactant can’t bind to enzyme unless it’s there)

Answer 31

Activator

Question 32

The site where the signal molecule binds to the enzyme surface is called the ________.

Answer 32

Allosteric site

Question 33

A form of enzyme inhibition where the product of a reaction acts as a repressor.

Answer 33

Feedback inhibition

Question 34

The inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, can block the active site so that it cannot bind to a substrate.

Answer 34

Competitive inhibition

Question 35

The inhibitor binds to the Allosteric site and changes the shape of the active site so that no substrate can bind.

Answer 35

Non competitive inhibition

Question 36

The energy currency of the cell

Answer 36

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 37

When the end most _____ is broken off an ATP molecule a considerable amount of energy is released.

Answer 37

Phosphate

Question 38

Coupled reactions occur when the energy released from ATP breaking down to ADP and Pį is used to power _____ reactions.

Answer 38

Endergonic

Question 39

What makes the structure of an ATP molecule

Answer 39

1 sugar 2 adenine 3 phosphate