Chapter 2

Question 1

Wave Function

Answer 1

the mathematical description of an orbital.

Question 2

Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals

Answer 2

Wave functions can add to each other to produce the wave functions of new orbitals.

1) Molecular orbitals- form when orbitals of different atoms interact. Lead to bonding and antibonding
2) Hybrid Atomic Orbitals- when orbitals on the same atom interact that define the geometry of the bonds

Question 3

Sigma bond and Sigma Antibond

Answer 3

Sigma bond- a molecular formula where the wave functions reinforce each other and increase electron density
Sigma Antibond- molecular orbital where the wave functions cancel each other and there is no electron density

Question 4

VSEPR

Answer 4

Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory- atoms and lone pairs around a central atom tend to be separated by the largest possible angles
Linear = 180
Trigonal Planar = 120
Tetrahedral = 109.5

Question 5

General Rules of Hybridizatoin

Answer 5

1) both sigma bonding e and lone pairs can occupy hybrid orbitals
2) use the hybridization and geometry that gives the widest possible separation of the calculated number of bonds and lone pairs
3) if two or three pairs of e form a multiple bond between two atoms, the first bond is a sigma bond formed by a hybrid orbital. The second and third bonds are pi bonds, consisting of two lobes above and below the sigma bond

Question 6

Isomers

Answer 6

different compounds with the same molecular formula

1) Constituent Isomers- isomers that differ in their bonding sequence
2) Stereoisomers- isomers that differ in how their atoms are oriented in space (geometric isomers or cis/trans isomers)