Chapter 3

Question 1

Alkanes and formula

Answer 1

fully saturated hydrocarbons.
Solubilities= good in nonpolar solvents and hyrdophobic
Denisty= less dense than water(1.0) at .7
Boiling and Melting Point= increases with size and molecular mass

Formula –> Cn H(2n+2)

Question 2

Hydrocarbon names (1-10)

Answer 2

1= meth
2= eth
3= prop
4= but
5=pent
6=hex
7=hept
8=oct
9=non
10=dec

Question 3

Nomenclature Rules

Answer 3

1) Find the longest chain of C atoms and name it
2) Number the longest chain beginning with the nearest constituent and least amount of branches
3) Name the substituent groups attached to the longest chain as alkyl groups. Give location of each alkyl groups by the number of the main-chain C atom to which it is attached
4) When two or more substituents are present, list them in alphabetical order. When two or more of the same alkyl groups are present use prefixes to avoid naming the same group twice

Question 4

Alkyl Groups

Answer 4

primary (1) only 1 R attachment
secondary (2) two R attachments
Tertiary (3*) 3 R attachments

Question 5

Use of Alkanes

Answer 5

C1-C2 Liquefied Natural Gas
C3-C4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas
C5-C8 Gasoline
C9-C16 Kerosene and Diesel Fuel
C16+ Mineral Oils

Question 6

Sources of alkanes

Answer 6

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

Question 7

Reactions of Alkanes

Answer 7

Combustion- O2 always present, CO2 and H20 ALWAYS FORMED
Catalytic Hydrocracking (Heat and H2 as a catalyst)-  Forms shorter-chain alkanes (hydrated)
Catalytic Cracking (Heat catalyst) - form shorter-chain alkanes and alkenes
Halogenation (heat or light)- add halogen which breaks up hydrocarbon into random derivatives