Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsych > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What percent of the brain are neurons?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percent of the brain is glia?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neurons

A

Convey sensory info. to the brain

  • Involved in thoughts and feelings
  • Send commands to body to control muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

-Filled with cytoplasm and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle

Contains chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Motor Neuron

A

carries commands to the muscles and organs

Multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dendrites

A

Branch out from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of Dendrites

A

Receive info. from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Axon

A

Extends from the soma like a tail

Carries info. to other locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are axons insulated with?

A

Myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cells secrete myelin?

A

Glia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Terminals

A

Found at the end of an axon

Release neurotransmitters to communicate with a target at a synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between 2 neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Carry input from the outside world to the brain and spinal cord
Unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicates with nearby neurons

Multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Encloses the cell

Made of Lipids and Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lipids

A

Has water soluble heads–> attracted to water

Has water insoluble tails–> repelled by water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Selectively permeable membrane

A

Water and gasses pass freely

Others pass through protein channels in the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Voltage

A

a difference in electrical charge inside and outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Potential

A

Any change in a membranes volatage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Resting Potential

A

Difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell when at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

A

-70mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes a resting potential?

A

Unequal distribution of ions on either side of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What ions are on the outside of the membrane?

Study These Flashcards
A

Na+ and Cl- ions

25
What ions are on the inside of the membrane?
K+ and organic anions
26
What forces maintain resting potential?
Force of Diffusion | Electrostatic Pressure
27
Force of Diffusion
Ions move from high to low concentration
28
Electrostatic Pressure
Ions are attracted to the side that is oppositely charged
29
How do ions cross the membrane?
Selective ion channels
30
Sodium Potassium Pump
3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in
31
Action Potential
Allows neurons to communicate over long distances
32
When is an action potential triggered?
When depolarization reaches -60mV
33
Absolute Refractory Period
Sodium channels cant open and the axon cant fire
34
Relative Refractory Period
Some channels can open but not all
35
Local potential
Diminishes over distance
36
What cells relay messages in the brain?
Neurons and glia
37
Glial Cells
provide supportive functions to neurons
38
Rate Law
Firing rate of neuron proportional to stimulus activity
39
Neurotoxins
Can affect ion channels in AP
40
Oligodentrocytes
produce myelin in the brain and spinal cord
41
Schwann cells
produces myelin in the rest of the nervous system
42
Microglia
immune cells--> monitor for damage\debris
43
Astrocytes
Have long extensions that monitor neural activity
44
Myelin
increases conduction
45
Nodes of Ranvier
myelin gaps | Where APs occur
46
Saltatory Conduction
AP jumps from node to node
47
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
Vesicles
48
Presynaptic neuron
Transmits the signal
49
Post synaptic neuron
Receives the signal | Neurotransmitter docks on chemical receptors
50
Ionotropic Receptors
cause ion channels to open directly
51
Metabotropic Receptors
opens channels indirectly | Slower and longer lasting effects
52
Which type of transmission is faster?
Electrical
53
Hyperpolarization
inhibitory--> makes an action potential less likely to occur | creates an IPSP
54
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
opens potassium channels or chloride channels or both
55
Hypopolarization
creates an EPSP | Makes a neuron more likely to fire
56
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
opens sodium channels
57
How are neurotransmitters removed?
Through reuptake and Deactivation
58
Reuptake
Neurotransmitters are taken back into terminals
59
Deactivation
Enzymes break down neurotransmitters in the cleft

Biopsych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions