Chapter 2 Flashcards by Steve Murray

atom

smallest part of element comprised of subatomic particles
+Protons+
-Electrons-
Neutron

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Atomic #`

of protons in nucleus

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Atomic Weight

Protons + Neutrons in nucleus

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Isotope

atom with same atomic# / different atomicWT

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Ion

atom has gained or lost electron

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Cation

+ charged atom

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Anion

charged atom

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Ionic Bond

Cation/Anion attract

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Covalent Bond

Atoms share electrons

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Polar Molecule

Slight - / Slight +

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Hydrogen Bond

Weak attraction formed between water

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PH Scale

Indicates concentration of Hydrogen atoms
Base-14
Neutral-7
Acid-1

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Organic / Inorganic

Organic: 
contains carbon, dissolve in water
Inorganic:
no carbon
dissolve or react with ions in water

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Carbohydrate

Provide energy
monosacharides, disachharides, polysachharide
Sugars

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Lipids

Fats
Triglycerides
Saturated, monounsaturated, transfers

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Proteins

structural material, provide energy
hormones, enzymes, antibodies
hemoglobin

Nucleic Acid

constitue genes
plays role in protein synthesis
RNA/DNA

Metabolic Process

All chemical reactions occurring in the body

Anabolic

molecules made

requires energy

Catabolic

Molecules broken down

release energy

Dehydration synthesis

creates water, create bonds, contain energy

Hydrolysis (Catabolism)

requires water
molecules broken down
energy released from bonds

Anabolism

builds complex molecules

Enzymes

control / speed up chemical reactions

Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis - 2ATP 2. Citric Acid Cycle - 36ATP 3. Electron Transport Chain - 36ATP Yields 38ATP total

Glycolysis

``` Step 1 break down sugars cytoplasm anaerobic 2atp ```

Citric Acid Cycle

``` Step 2 cont. of glycosis occurs in mitochondria aerobic 36atp ```

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Step 3 cont. of citric acid cycle occurs in mitochondria aerobic