Chapter 7 Bones

Question 1

epiphysis

Answer 1

ends (knubs) of long bone
Ex.distal epiphysis
proximal epiphysis

Question 2

diaphysis

Answer 2

body of bone

Question 3

spongy bone

Answer 3

located in ephiphsis / lines medullary cavity

Red Bone Marrow

Question 4

compact bone

Answer 4

located in diaphysis, outerlayer “periostium

Question 5

medullary cavity

Answer 5

cavity in middle of bone

Yellow Bone Marrow

Question 6

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 6

• bones originate within sheet-like layers of connective tissues
• broad, flat bones
• skull bones (except mandible)

Question 7

Endochondral Ossification
bones begin as hyaline cartilage
most bones of the skeleton

Answer 7

• bones begin as hyaline cartilage

- most bones of the skeleton

Question 8

Osteoblasts

Answer 8

Synthesize Bone
Calcitonin
Secreted by thyroid gland
Decrease plasma levels of calcium
Increase osteoblastic activity

Question 9

Osteoclasts

Answer 9

Breakdown Bone 
Parathyroid Hormone
Secreted by parathyroid gland
Increases plasma levels of calcium
Increases osteoclasts activity

Question 10

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 10

7 Vertebrae
C-1 Atlas
C-2 Axis
C-3 etc

Transverese Foramen (holes on side)

Question 11

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 11

12 Vertebrae

Long Spinous Process

Question 12

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 12

5 Vertebrae

Short thick spinous process

Question 13

Life Span Changes

Answer 13

decrease in height at about age 30
 calcium levels fall
 bones become brittle
 osteoclasts outnumber osteoblasts
 spongy bone weakens before compact bone
 bone loss rapid in menopausal women
 hip fractures common
 vertebral compression fractures common

Question 14

True Ribs

Answer 14

7 attached to sternum

Question 15

False Ribs

Answer 15

5

*2 of which are also floating

Question 16

Ribs

Answer 16

Head, Shaft, Tubercle, Hyaline Cartilage
7 True
5 False
*2 of which are floating

Question 17

Radius

Answer 17

Radius = Right/Lateral (palms up position)

Forearm

Question 18

Ulna

Answer 18

Ulna = Left/Medial (palms up)

Forearm

Question 19

Carpals

Answer 19

16

Kunckles/ Hand / Wrist

Question 20

Metacarpals

Answer 20

10 (5 each)

proximal part of finger

Question 21

Phalanxes

Answer 21

28 (14 each)

Distal parts of fingers

Question 22

Tibia

Answer 22

Medial to Fibula

Lower Leg

Question 23

Fibula

Answer 23

Lateral to Tibia

Lower Leg

Question 24

Tarsals

Answer 24

14 Foot

Question 25

Metatarsals

Answer 25

10 (5 each) | Distal dart of toes

Question 26

Phalanges

Answer 26

28 (14 each) | Proximal part of toes

Question 27

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 27

Hip Bones Coxae (2)

Question 28

Pectoral Girlde

Answer 28

4 Bones Scapulae (2) Clavicles (2)

Question 29

Coccyx

Answer 29

4 fused vertebrae "tailbone" lower part of sacrum

Question 30

Skull

Answer 30

22 Bones - 8 Cranial - 14 Facial

Question 31

Cranial Bones

Answer 31

8 ``` Frontal Parietal (2) Occipital Sphenoid Temporal (2) Ethmoid ```

Question 32

Facial Bones

Answer 32

14 ``` Zygomatic (2) Lacrimals (2) Nasal Bones (2) Palatine (2) Vomer Maxilla (2) Inferior Nasal Conchas (2) Mandible ```

Question 33

Ear Bones

Answer 33

6 (3 each)

Question 34

Vertebral Column

Answer 34

26 Bones ``` 7 Cervical Vertebrae 12 Thoracic Vertebrae 5 Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx ```

Question 35

Thoracic Cage

Answer 35

25 Bones Sternum Ribs (24)

Question 36

Upper Limbs

Answer 36

``` Humerus (2) Radius (2) Ulna (2) Carpals (16) Metacarpals (10) Phalanxes (28) ```

Question 37

Lower Limbs

Answer 37

60 Bones ``` Femur (2) Tibia (2) Fibula (2) Patella (2) Tarsal (14) Metatarsals (10) Phalanges (28) ```

Question 38

Sesmoid Bones

Answer 38

Free floating bones Patella Ankles Wrist