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A&P SMCC 2015 > SP1 Ophthalmic > Flashcards

SP1 Ophthalmic Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

accomodation

A
  • focusing*

- increase in optical power of the eye

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2
Q

amblyopia

A

loss of visioning an eye without any detectable anatomic damage to the globe or visual pathways

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3
Q

astigmatism

A

corneal asphericity

focusing defect in which refractive power of eye is not uniform in all directions resulting in distorted vision

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4
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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5
Q

extraocular (extrinsic) vs intraocular (intrinsic)

A

structures outside (extrinsic) or inside (intrinsic) the globe

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6
Q

photophobia

A

abnormal sensitivity to and discomfort from light

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7
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness
distant objects clear
close object not

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8
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness
close objects clear
distant object not

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9
Q

7 bones that form the bony orbit of the eye

A
  • zygomatic
  • frontal
  • maxillary
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • lacrimal
  • palatine
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10
Q

p. palpebrael; s. palpebral are?

A

eyelids, eyelid

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11
Q

levator palpebrae superioris muscle functions in?

A

opening of the eye

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12
Q

orbicularis oculi muscle functions in?

A

closing the eye

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13
Q

sty vs chalaziopn

A

sty: external hordeolum
chalazion:
- internal hordeolum

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14
Q

canthus

A

medial and lateral angles of each eye formed by junction of upper and lower lids

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15
Q

tarsal meibomian glands (3)

A
  • secrete fluid preventing lids from adhering to each other
  • located within tarsal plate
  • obstruction of gland leads to “chalazion”
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16
Q

lacrimal glands vs lacrimal ducts

A

lac glands: produce tears

lac ducts: drain tears

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17
Q

conjunctiva: palpebral

A

thicker portion lining the inner surface of the eyelid

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18
Q

conjunctiva: bulbar

A

covers sclera, not cornea and is continuous with palpebral conjunctiva

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19
Q

extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by…

A

3rd (oculomotor)
4th (trochlear)
6th (abducens)
(LR6,SO4)3

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20
Q

superior rectus muscle rotates globe…

A

upwards towards midline of the body

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21
Q

inferior rectus muscle rotates globe

A

downward and toward the midline of the body

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22
Q

medial rectus muscle rotates globe

A

toward the midline of the body

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23
Q

lateral rectus muscle rotates globe

A

away from midline of the body

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24
Q

superior oblique muscle rotates globe

Study These Flashcards
A

downward and away from midline of the body

25
inferior oblique muscle rotates globe
upward and away from inferior midline of the body
26
intrinsic eye muscles: IRIS muscles
- responsible for pupillary dilation & constriction | - regulate amount of light entering the globe
27
intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscles
responsible for accommodation (focusing)
28
functions of fibrous tunic: cornea/sclera
1. admit and refract light (cornea) | 2. provide shape/support/protection to internal structures (sclera)
29
A&P of superficial fibrous tunic (3)
- cornea: transparent - sclera: white of the eye - limbus: where cornea&sclera meet
30
A&P of intermediate vascular tunic: UVEA (2)
- nourishing pigmented intermediate layer | - choroid, ciliary body, and iris
31
functions of intermediate vascular tunic (3)
1. regulates of amount of light entering globe (iris) 2. secrete aqueous humor/accommodation (ciliary body) 3. retinal nourishment/absorption of light rays (choroid)
32
nervous tunic
retina; deep innermost layer
33
sensorineural layer
contains photoreceptors (light sensitive neurons) converting light rays into electrical impulses
34
photoreceptor: RODS
afford black and white vision
35
photoreceptor: CONES
afford color vision
36
which nerve relays impulses for sight?
2nd cranial optic nerve
37
optic disc
anatomic blind spot (optic nerve meets retina
38
fovea centralis
area of highest visual acuity
39
crystalline lens
brings light rays to a focal point on fovea centralis of the retina
40
zonular fibers (suspensory ligaments)
holds crystalline lens in place | -transmit ciliary contraction to lens for (accommodation)
41
the anterior and posterior chambers make up the..
anterior cavity of the eye
42
what has the greatest refractive power of the 4 components of the refractive apparatus?
cornea
43
diagnostic interventions: topical fluorescein staining
application of fluorescein sodium to corneal surface to detect damage
44
diagnostic interventions: tonometry
measures intraoccqular pressure of the globe; useful in diagnosis glaucoma
45
2 goals of opthalic anesthesia
1. provide absence of sensation | 2. provide akinesia (motionless field)
46
anesthesia: - Retrobulbar Block (intraconal) - Peribulbar Block (extraconal)
- Retrobulbar Block: area behind globe | - Peribulbar Block: are surrounding globe
47
additives to injectable anesthetic agents:
epinephrine: *NOT ENZYME* assist with vasoconstriction hyaluronidase: *ENZYME* added to enhance dispersion of anesthetic
48
most common irrigation solution for ophthalmic surgery
- BSS balanced salt solution | * may be used into & extraocularly
49
miotic agents and functions
* carbachol* | - constriction of the pupil
50
mydriatic agents
* phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)* | - dilation of the pupil
51
function of cycloplegic agents (2)
- allow mydriasis | - inhibits accommodation
52
alpha chymotrypsin
facilitates lens extraction by dissolving zonular fibers
53
positioning of the patient for ophthalmic surgery
supine with operative eye turned up
54
position of OR bed during ophthalmic surgery
rotated 90 degrees in order to accommodate anesthesia and surgeon
55
what should chlorhexidine gluconate never be used during ophthalmic surgery skin prep
chlorhexidine gluconate is oculotoxic and ototoxic
56
3 special considerations of ophthalmic draping (3)
- water repellent - lint/fiber free - allow adequate air exchange
57
phacoemulsification unit is used to
uses ultrasonic energy to break up and remove (emulsify/aspirate) a cataract
58
most frequent wound dressing for ophthalmic surgey
achieved with a sterile gauze eye pad secured with non-allergenic tape

A&P SMCC 2015 (20 decks)

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