Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

B Neuroscience > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Hormones

A

Detect substances outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produce Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Multiply independently of the cells in which they love
Contain their own genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Contain strands of DNA

Contains recipes for making proteins

GENES: contain recipes for individual proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Made of protein strands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proteins

A

Provide structure
Serve as enzymes
Involved in axoplasmic transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Longest axon

A

Foot to region in base of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microtubules

A

Long protein strands (13) with a hollow core, help in axoplasmic transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterograde

A

Soma to terminal buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retrograde

A

Terminal buttons to soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ATP supplies energy for

A

Axoplasmic transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Types of glial cells

A

Astrocytes
Oligendroxytes
Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Astrocytes

A

Clean up debris PHAGOCYTOSIS
Provide physical support
Control chemical composition of fluid surrounding the neurons
Provide nourishment
Limit dispersion of neurotransmitters released by the terminal buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Astrocytes receive nutrients from

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oligendrocytes

A

Produce myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytes

Representatives of the immune system in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Membrane

A

Double layer of lipid molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Organic anions are only found in the

A

Intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Decremental conduction

A

Decrease in size of a disturbance during passive conduction in myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Advantages to saltatory conduction

A

Economic, speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ligand

A

Chemical that attaches to a binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurotransmitter diffuses through

A

The synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synaptic vesicles are filled with

A

Molecules of the neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Once binding occurs, the postsynaptic receptors open…

A

Neurotransmitter-dependent ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Postsynaptic potentials are kept brief by
Reuptake and enzymatic deactivation
26
Reuptake
Reentry of a neurotransmitter though it's membrane
27
Enzymatic deactivation
Destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme after its release
28
What destroys ACh ?
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Cleaves it into its constituents Acetate and choline
29
Neural integration
Interaction of the effects of excitatory and inhibitory synapses on a neuron, controls rate of firing
30
Autoreceptor
A receptor molecule located on a neuron that responds to the neurotransmitter released by that neuron
31
Pre synaptic inhibition
The action of a pre synaptic terminal button in an axoaxonic synapse; reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic terminal button
32
Pre synaptic facilitation
The action of a pre synaptic terminal button in an axoaxonic synapse; increases the amount of neurotransmitter released by the postsynaptic terminal button
33
Neuro modulators
A naturally secreted substance that acts like a neurotransmitter except that it is not restricted to the synaptic cleft but diffuses through extra cellular fluid
34
Peptide
Chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
35
Neuromodulators affect general behavior states like
Vigilance, fearfulness, sensitivity to pain
36
Myasthenia gravis
Autoimmune disease, ACh receptors (necessary for synaptic transmission) are destroyed
37
Camilo golgi and Santiago Ramon y cajal won
The Nobel prize for their work on the nervous system
38
Humans have about ______ protein encoding genes in their genome
20000
39
Energy in cells is typically stored in
The molecular bonds
40
Neurons are typically defined by
Where their nucleus is located
41
Gene
Section/functional unit of a chromosome
42
When a gene is active, copies of it are made into
mNRA | Messenger ribonucleic acid
43
Genome
Refers to all the DNA sequences in the soma Provides the information necessary to synthesize all proteins for a particular organism
44
Unipolar neurons
Detect touch, temperature changes, pain, other sensory events
45
Bipolar neurons
Transmit sensory information (vision, audition)
46
Multipolar neurons
Typically interneurons, link sensory and motor neurons
47
Voltage gate k+ channels open when
the membrane potential is close to 0
48
Speed of conduction can be calculated from
The delay between the stimulus and the action potential
49
Na+ channels are closed if the inside is more negative than
- 40mV | - closed at resting potential
50
Sodium-potassium transporter requires
ATP
51
VG sodium channels
Initiate and propagate the action potential
52
VG potassium channels
Restore the resting membrane potential
53
VG calcium channels
Release the neurotransmitter-containing vesicles
54
Electrode
Conductive martial that can be use for electrical stimulation or to record electrical potentials
55
Micro electrode
Very fine electrode generally used to record activity of Individual neurons
56
Oscilloscope
Displays graph of voltage as a function of time
57
Membrane potential
Difference in electric potential inside and outside the cell
58
Promoter
Region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene, indicate what kind of cells should read the gene and when Typically located just before the gene
59
Replication-deficient
Rendered by removing the DNA from a virus
60
DNA of a virus encodes instructions on
How to make more virus
61
GFP
Fluorescent protein
62
2 major neurotransmitters
Glutamate and GABA
63
How to inhibit the cell
Open a Cl- channel
64
Most glutamate receptors are ion channels that
Pass sodium ions
65
Most GABA receptors are
Chloride ion channels
66
Inhibition of inhibitory neurons
Makes the behavior more likely to occur
67
Excitation of neurons that inhibit a behavior
Suppresses the behavior
68
Conduction occurs in a _______ manner
Unidirectional
69
In saltatory conduction, the strength of the signal is regenerated at each node
By voltage gated Na+ channels
70
Primary means of communication between neurons
Synaptic transmission
71
Synaptic cleft is filled with
Extra cellular fluid

B Neuroscience (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions