Chapter 2

Question 1

The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to another

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

Materials that distinguish a group of people

Answer 2

Material culture

Question 3

A group’s way of thinking and acting

Answer 3

Nonmaterial culture

Question 4

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a different culture and can no longer depend on their assumptions of life

Answer 4

Culture shock

Question 5

The use of one’s own culture as a yardstick for judging other individuals/ societies also leading to a negative evaluation

Answer 5

Ethnocentrism

Question 6

Not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

Answer 6

Cultural Relativism

Question 7

Symbolic Culture=

Answer 7

Nonmaterial Culture

Question 8

Something people attach a meaning and use to communicate

Answer 8

Symbol

Question 9

Using one’s body to communicate

Answer 9

Gestures

Question 10

Different gestures are __ around the world

Answer 10

Offensive

Question 11

There are NO __ , ONLY

Answer 11

Universal Gestures ; Expressions

Question 12

The standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beatiful or ugly

Answer 12

Values

Question 13

Expectation of “right” behavior

Answer 13

Norms

Question 14

Expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms/ expressions of disapproval for violating them

Answer 14

Sanctions

Question 15

An award/ positive reaction for following norms ranging from smile to a material reward

Answer 15

Positive Sanctions

Question 16

An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as from to prison sentence

Answer 16

Negative Sanctions

Question 17

Norms that are not strictly enforced

Answer 17

Folkways

Question 18

Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought to be essential to core values or the well-being of the group

Answer 18

Mores

Question 19

A norm so strong that it brings extreme sanction, even revulsion if violated

Answer 19

Taboo

Question 20

The values and related behaviors of a group that distinguishes its members from the larger culture (a world within a world)

Answer 20

Subculture

Question 21

A group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members opposition to the broader culture

Answer 21

Counterculture

Question 22

A society made up of many different groups

Answer 22

Pluralistic Society

Question 23

The values that are central to a group and builds a common identity

Answer 23

Core Values

Question 24

Values that together form a large whole

Answer 24

Value Cluster

Question 25

Values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other

Answer 25

Value Contradiction

Question 26

A person's ideal values and norms, goals held out to them

Answer 26

Ideal Culture

Question 27

The norms and values that people actually follow; as opposed to ideal culture

Answer 27

Real Culture

Question 28

A value, norm, or other cultural trait is found in every group

Answer 28

Cultural Universal

Question 29

A framework is considered to be the result of natural selection and biological factors

Answer 29

Sociobiology

Question 30

Human behavior lagging behind technological innovations

Answer 30

Culture lag

Question 31

The spread of cultural traits from one group to another

Answer 31

Cultural diffusion

Question 32

Cultures become similar

Answer 32

Cultural leveling

Question 33

"The last thing a fish would ever notice would be water" refers to

Answer 33

Culture within us

Question 34

In regard to standards of beauty, cultures around the world tend to be __________.

Answer 34

ethnocentric

Question 35

What is central to a group's material culture?

Answer 35

Technology

Question 36

Material culture is generated __ than nonmaterial culture.

Answer 36

faster

Question 37

Self-fulfillment and concern for the environment are similar in that they both are __________.

Answer 37

emerging values in U.S. culture

Question 38

Language allows culture to develop by __________.

Answer 38

freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences

Question 39

Based on your reading of the chapter-opening vignette, which of the following most shocked the author during his visit to Morocco?

Answer 39

Both the material culture and the nonmaterial culture of Morocco were very different from what he was used to in the United States.

Question 40

Compared to the German American population, Latinos in Miami, Florida, have been slower to accept the English language. Which of the following is most responsible for this finding?

Answer 40

The United States shares a border with Mexico and experiences steady immigration both from Mexico and Latin America. The United States does not share a border with Germany.

Question 41

The family of Gunther Schmidt immigrated to the United States from Germany in the late 1800s. Gunther himself is a fully-assimilated German American who wears the same types of clothes, eats the same kinds of foods, and enjoys the same kinds of concerts and sporting events as his friends do. Gunther also speaks only English, even at home and in the homes of his relatives; he knows only a few German words and phrases. Gunther most probably is a(n) __________ German American.

Answer 41

third-generation