Chapter 4

Question 1

2 Levels of Analysis

Answer 1

Macrosociology & Microsociology

Question 2

Analysis of social life that focuses on the broad features of society, such as social class and the relationships (used by functionalists/conflict theorists)

Answer 2

Macrosociology

Question 3

Analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction (used by symbolic interactionists)

Answer 3

Microsociology

Question 4

What people do in one another’s presence

Answer 4

Social Interaction

Question 5

The framework of society that surround us; consist of the ways that people and groups are related to one another; the framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior

Answer 5

Social Structure

Question 6

The difference in our behavior and attitudes are not because of __ (race-ethnicity, sex, or genetic features), but to our __ in the social structure.

Answer 6

Biology; Location

Question 7

Determines what kind of people we will become (language, values, behaviors, ideals, and attitudes)

Answer 7

Culture

Question 8

Influences our behaviors, ideals, and attitudes

Answer 8

Social Class

Question 9

Provides guidelines on how we should act/feel

Answer 9

Social Status

Question 10

The position that someone occupies in a social group

Answer 10

Status

Question 11

All positions that an individual occupies (such as homeowner, spouse, and parent)

Answer 11

Status Sets

Question 12

A position an individual inherits at birth / recieves involutarily later in life

Answer 12

Ascribed Status

Question 13

Positions that are earned , accomplished, or involve at least some effort

Answer 13

Achieved Status

Question 14

Indicators of a status (such as a police uniform or a wedding ring)

Answer 14

Status Symbol

Question 15

A status that dominaces other status (such as noticing a the male waiter)

Answer 15

Master Status

Question 16

Ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others (ex. R. Kelly & younger girls)

Answer 16

Status Inconsistency

Question 17

The behaviors, obligations, & privileges attached to a status

Answer 17

Roles

Question 18

People who interact with one another and who believe that what they have in common is significant (also called a social group)

Answer 18

Group

Question 19

The organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs (ex. family, religion, the economy, media, ect.)

Answer 19

Social Institutions

Question 20

What perspective believes that society need to survive & works together in harmony for the common good

Answer 20

Functionlist Perspective

Question 21

What perspective believes that society need to survive & does NOT works together in harmony for the common good

Answer 21

The Conflict Perspective

Question 22

The degree at which members of a society are united by shared values & bonds (also known as social cohesion)

Answer 22

Social Integration

Question 23

Durkeim’s term for the unity that people feel as a result of performing that same or similar tasks

Answer 23

Mechanical Solidarity

Question 24

The splitting of a group’s or a society’s tasks into specialities

Answer 24

Divison of Labor

Question 25

Durkheim's term for interdependence that results from the divison of labor; as of the same unit, we all depend on others to fulfill their jobs (ex. heart and lungs)

Answer 25

Organic Solidarity

Question 26

A type of society in which life is intimate; everyone knows everyone

Answer 26

Geminschaft

Question 27

A type of society dominated by impersonal, individual accomplishments, and self-interest

Answer 27

Gesellschaft

Question 28

What distance is 18 in. and is used for touching an hugging

Answer 28

Intimate Distance

Question 29

What distance is 18 in. to 2 ft and is used for friends, acquintances, and normal conversations

Answer 29

Personal Distance

Question 30

What distance is 4 to 12 ft and is used for impersonal or formal relations

Answer 30

Social Distance

Question 31

What distance is beyond 12 ft and is even more formal

Answer 31

Public Distance

Question 32

An approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or the stage (also called dramatyrgical analysis)

Answer 32

Dramaturgy

Question 33

People's efforts to control that others receive of them stages

Answer 33

Impression management

Question 34

Place where people give performances

Answer 34

Front Stage

Question 35

Rest from performances discuss and plan future /past presentations

Answer 35

Back Stage

Question 36

In which someone performs a role; showing a particular "style" or "personality" (ex. daughter role or cashier)

Answer 36

Role Performance

Question 37

Conflicts that someone feels between role because the expectations at odds with one another

Answer 37

Role Conflict

Question 38

Conflicts with a role (ex. student knowing an answer but not raising their hand so they won't make students feel bad)

Answer 38

Role Strain

Question 39

Term used by Goffman to refer to how people use social setting , appreance, and manner to communicate info about the self

Answer 39

Sign-Vechicles

Question 40

Place where the action unfolds

Answer 40

Social Setting

Question 41

How you look when you play roles

Answer 41

Apperance

Question 42

Attitudes showed as you play roles

Answer 42

Manner

Question 43

Collaboration of 2 or more people

Answer 43

Teamwork

Question 44

Techniques used to salvage a performance

Answer 44

Face-saving behavior

Question 45

The study of how people use background assumptions to make common sense of life

Answer 45

Ethnomethodology

Question 46

A deeply embedded, common understanding of how the world operates and how people ought to act

Answer 46

Background Assumptions

Question 47

William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas classic formulation of the definition of the situation

Answer 47

Thomas Theorem

Question 48

The use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real

Answer 48

Social Construction of Reality

Question 49

What characterizes a stereotype?

Answer 49

It is a simplified description applied to every person in some category.

Question 50

Religion, class, and interests are all part of our __________ that affects how we perceive the world.

Answer 50

social structure

Question 51

Which of the following statements explains the relationship between interactions and how we control our personal bubble?

Answer 51

We control eye contact with other people.

Question 52

If Ferdinand Tönnies wanted to find a village that exhibited what he called Gemeinshaft, he could look to __________.

Answer 52

the Amish communities in United States

Question 53

The family gives the newcomer to society a sense of belonging by providing __________, an account of how he or she is related to others.

Answer 53

a lineage

Question 54

Eye contact is an example of __________.

Answer 54

social interaction

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of norms pertaining to the social institution of religion?

Answer 55

A child attending a church's Sunday school

Question 56

Roles are remarkably effective at __________.

Answer 56

keeping people in line

Question 57

Societies with organic solidarity __________.

Answer 57

use a specialized division of labor

Question 58

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between the social construction of reality and the definition of the situation?

Answer 58

Reality is a social construction based on how we define the situation.

Question 59

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding social status?

Answer 59

Both ascribed and achieved statuses provide guidelines for how we are to act and feel.

Question 60

Cindy acts casually around her friends but formally around her coworkers. When she gets together with her in-laws, she is polite and reserved; however, when she is alone with her husband and children, she is extroverted and witty. Erving Goffman would present Cindy's behavior as an example of __________.

Answer 60

dramaturgical analysis

Question 61

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a role and a status?

Answer 61

You occupy a status, but you play a role.

Question 62

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding master status?

Answer 62

The master status of an 87-year-old retired police officer is that he is old.

Question 63

The differences in people?s behavior and attitudes are due to __________.

Answer 63

their location in the social structure