chapter 2

Question 1

hutton

Answer 1

geological forces shaped the earth and estimated the world to be millions of years old

Question 2

lyell

Answer 2

processes occurring now volcanoes and earthquakes shaped the earth over long periods of time

earth can change so can life

Question 3

Lamarck

Answer 3

use and disuse

Question 4

malthus

Answer 4

competition: natural selection

Question 5

evidence of evolution

Answer 5

fossil records
geographic distribution- animals w the same environment in different places look the same
homologous structure
embryology

Question 6

vestigial structures

Answer 6

remnants from evolution

Question 7

relative dating

Answer 7

comparing depth of a fossils source stratum to the position of a reference fossil or rock

Question 8

absolute dating

Answer 8

radioactive material

Question 9

Miller and Urey

Answer 9

tried to create life with the materials that were present at the beginning of the earth

Question 10

proteinoid microspheres

Answer 10

but cells but have v simple means of storing and releasing energy and a selectively permeable membrane

Question 11

law of segregation

Answer 11

two copies of each Allele, these separate and one goes to each gamete

Question 12

multiple alleles

Answer 12

more than two possible alleles can exist in a pop

Question 13

polygenic traits

Answer 13

traits controlled by two or more genes

Question 14

founder effect

Answer 14

genetic drift

Question 15

the hardy Weinberg principle

Answer 15

allele frequencies to remain constant and to reach genetic equil:
random mating 
large population
no movement in or out of pop
no mutations
no natural selection

Question 16

isolating mechanisms

Answer 16

geographical
time
behaviour
ecological

Question 17

convergent evolution

Answer 17

species developing similar traits due to similar environments

Question 18

coevolution

Answer 18

species that rely on each other

if one changes the other has to change

Question 19

darwins theory

Answer 19

individual organisms differ- overproduction of organisms- struggle to survive- limited resources- fitness- organisms that live pass on traits- NATURAL SELECTIONP

Question 20

endosymbiotic hypothesis

Answer 20

prokaryotes began living together- mitochondria-atp

chloroplasts- photosynthesis

Question 21

evolution

Answer 21

any change in relative frequency of alleles in a pop

Question 22

heritable variation

Answer 22

gene shuffling and mutations