Chapter 2

Question 1

Alternative Versions

Answer 1

Variations in inherented characters

Question 2

Alleles

Answer 2

Alternate genes

Question 3

Dipole organisms

Answer 3

Inherits one set of chromosomes from each parent

Question 4

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 4

Two copies of each gene (May be identical)

Question 5

Prerequisite Natural Selection

Answer 5

• Variation
• Fitness Consequences
• Model of Inheritance
• limited resources

Question 6

Variation

Answer 6

Caused by environment and genetics

Question 7

Genetic Recombination

Answer 7

Occurs during meiosis, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Question 8

Transposition

Answer 8

DNA Transfer

Question 9

Migration

Answer 9

Non genetic pathway by which variants enter a population

Question 10

Fitness Consequence

Answer 10

Expected contribution to the next gen

Question 11

Model of Inheritance

Answer 11

Genes are passed down from gen to gen

Question 12

Heritability analyses

Answer 12

Measure the proportion of variance in a trait attributed to genetic variation

Question 13

Broad sense heritability

Answer 13

Heritability that measures the total proportion of variance in a trait due to genetic variance not the environment

Broad sense= genetic variance/gen+envir variance

Question 14

Narrow sense

Answer 14

Measures proportion of genetic variance in a trait that is accessible to natural selection

S= avg 1st gen
R= difference between gen 1 and gen 2

Question 15

Three mechanism of gen variation

Answer 15

• Independent assortment of chromosomes
• Crossing Over
• Random Fertilization

Question 16

Polygenic

Answer 16

Phenotypic traits may be determined/control by two or more genes for the expression of a behavior

Question 17

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 17

The additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character

Question 18

Behavioral Geneticists

Answer 18

Determine the multiple genes associated with the expression of a particular trait

Question 19

Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)

Answer 19

Identify candidate genes underlying a behavioral trait

Question 20

QTLs

Answer 20

Found on diff chromosomes; the genetic architecture of a trait

Question 21

Behavioral Genetics

Answer 21

What proportion of the variance in a behavioral trait is due to genetic variation for natural selection

Question 22

Truncation Selection

Answer 22

Used in genetics to select potential candidate for recombo

Question 23

Adaptation

Answer 23

Traits that provide their bearers with the highest relative fitness in an environment

Question 24

Eusociality

Answer 24

An extreme form of social behavior

1) Cooperative brood care
2) Division of labor
3) Overlapping

Question 25

DNA fingerprinting

Answer 25

The analysis and use of DNA patterns from body tissues

Question 26

Mechanisms of learning

Answer 26

Stimulus Stimulus-Stimulus Response reinforcer

Question 27

Psychologist believe (learning)

Answer 27

Learning is the same in all animals and the environment then organism and has no effect on learning

Question 28

Adaptationist believe (learning)

Answer 28

The Ability to learn should be under strong selection pressure

Question 29

Extinction curve

Answer 29

How long animals will remember some paired association once the pairing is stopped

Question 30

David Stephen model of learning

Answer 30

- predictability within lifetime of an individual | - Predictability between the environment of parents and offspring

Question 31

How do you learn your way home?

Answer 31

``` Landscapes Celestial and magnetic compasses Drifting currents Physiological change Odors ```

Question 32

Chemical communication

Answer 32

Mongolian rats rely on chemical communication for many forms of social exchange

Question 33

How do we learned to recognize familial relationship?

Answer 33

Facial features Expression Traits