Chapter 2

Question 1

Maximal Attraction

Answer 1

The distance b/w atoms that is ideal

Question 2

In regards to pH levels, who dissolves better in water?

Answer 2

Stronger Acids/Bases

Question 3

What is the goal of a weak acid?

Answer 3

To donate its proton

Question 4

2 main characteristics that make functional groups polar

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonding

Permanent Dipole

Question 5

What is Polywater?

Answer 5

Water with higher boiling point, freezing point and higher viscosity

Question 6

How many H-bonds can Water donate and accept?

Answer 6

2 (4 in total)

Question 7

Hydrophobic Effect

Non-Polar Groups want

Answer 7

drive formation of Higher order structures away from water

Question 8

Electrostatic interactions can be what?

Answer 8

Attractive or repulsive

Question 9

How many H-Bonds will one water molecule form?

Answer 9

3 1/2

Question 10

Hydrophilic

Answer 10

Water loving

Polar

Question 11

Hydrophobic Interactions

Answer 11

Forces the hold of non-polar regions together

Question 12

Why is water “active”?

Answer 12

Participates in many biomolecule reactions

Question 13

What is an electrostatic interaction?

Answer 13

Has both a donor and acceptor

Question 14

Van der Waals

Answer 14

• Induced dipoles b/w atoms

- Consequence of their interactions with other atoms

Question 15

Non-covalent interactions enable what?

Answer 15

Transient, dynamic interactions

Felxibility of structure

Question 16

What does strength depend on?

Answer 16

Its geometry

Question 17

What does the dipole of water influence?

Answer 17

Forms electrostatic interactions with charged molecule

Form Hydrogen bonds

Question 18

Heat vaporization

Answer 18

Amount of heat required to vaporize a liquid

Question 19

What results in an increase of entropy?

Answer 19

Release of ordered water molecules

Question 20

What does it mean when a molecule has a greater number of H-Bonds?

Answer 20

Higher heat capacity and higher heat of vaporization

Question 21

Non-Covalent interactions within biomolecules include

Answer 21

Hydrogen bonds
Ionic (electrostatic) interactions
Hydrophobic interactions
Van der Waals interactions

Question 22

Which molecule is more Electronegative?

Answer 22

Oxygen because it has a permanent dipole

Question 23

How are interaction between biomolecules determined?

Answer 23

Non-covalent interactions

Question 24

What does the solubility of water depend on?

Answer 24

The ratio of polar to non-polar groups

Question 25

Why can a weaker H-Bond could be better?

Answer 25

Because of it's flexibility but it depends on its biological goal

Question 26

Hydrogen bonds are an example of what?

Answer 26

Electrostatic interactions

Question 27

Why does Adenine and Tymine bond together?

Answer 27

Its H-Bonding capabilities Adenine is an acceptor Thymine is a donor

Question 28

Amphipathic

Answer 28

Contain both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic portions

Question 29

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation describe?

Answer 29

Relationship between pH of solution pka of the weak acid The relative concentration of the weak acid

Question 30

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 30

Heat required to raise the temp of a substance by one degree

Question 31

What are H-Bonds critical for?

Answer 31

Interactions but not the formation of structures

Question 32

When does a solution best resist changes in pH?

Answer 32

pH=pka

Question 33

Hydrophobic Effect | Polar Groups want

Answer 33

To create structures that optomize chance of interactions w/ water

Question 34

Functional Groups w/ H-bonding capacity will form bonds with what?

Answer 34

Water molecules Intramolecular Intermolecular

Question 35

Non-Covalent forces influence what?

Answer 35

Formation and stabilization of structures Recognition/Interactions b/w biomolecules Binding of reactants to enzymes

Question 36

Packing Interactions

Answer 36

Atoms have personal space that they want to respect | Want to be close but not too close

Question 37

Hydrophobic

Answer 37

Water Fearing | Non-polar

Question 38

How do Oxygen and Hydrogen differ?

Answer 38

Electronegativity

Question 39

How does a molecule have the greatest chance of solubility of water?

Answer 39

Has a positive or negative charge and/or has H-Bonding capabilities

Question 40

Why is water "passive"?

Answer 40

Structure forms in response to interaction with water