Chapter 2

Question 1

Mesencephalon

Answer 1

midbrain

Question 2

Prosencephalon

Answer 2

forebrain

Question 3

Rhombencephalon

Answer 3

hindbrain (medulla oblongata and pons)

Question 4

What is telencephalon made up of

Answer 4

cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, basal forebrain nuclei)

Question 5

What is diencephalon made up of

Answer 5

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Question 6

What is mesencephalon made up of

Answer 6

cerebral peduncle
midbrain tectum
midbrain tegmentum

Question 7

What is metecephalon made up of

Answer 7

pons and cerebellum

Question 8

What is myelencephalon made up of

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

The peripheral nervous system has 2 components. What are they

Answer 9

somatic and autonomic nervous system

Question 10

when you touch a hot plate and quickly withdraw, which system are you using?

Answer 10

somatic nervous system of the peripheral nervous system

Question 11

the autonomic nervous system is divided into 2 subdivisions. What are they

Answer 11

sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system

Question 12

stem cells

Answer 12

undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into several cell types

Question 13

The sensory neuron of the upper gray matter lie in two separate columns. What are they

Answer 13

somatic and visceral

somatic: somatic sensory neurons take input mostly from the skin, skeletal mm, and joints
visceral: visceral sensory neurons take input from internal organs. Visceral sensory allows us to regulate internal state of organism: eg, temperature, pain, inflammatory, fatigue,

Question 14

central pattern generator

Answer 14

ability to generate movement activity spontaneously

Question 15

what is the most posterior region of the brain

Answer 15

brainstem

Question 16

what is the brainstem composed of?

Answer 16

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Question 17

what is the brainstem’s most caudal structure ?

Answer 17

medulla oblongata

Question 18

what forms the hindbrain?

Answer 18

medulla oblongata and pons

Question 19

what is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 19

involuntary actions such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate

Question 20

the pons relay signals between the ____ and the _____

Answer 20

cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 21

what are the pons involved with?

Answer 21

The pons are involuved with breathing, sleeping, swallowing, bladder control, eye movements, facial expressions, hearing, and posture

Question 22

hindbrain circuits also act as ________ for the _____ and _______

Answer 22

Hindbrain circuits also act as central pattern generators for the head and upper body

Question 23

which area of the midbrain is involved in locating visual stimuli in space? p. 53

Answer 23

superior colliculus

Question 24

an example of a command generator is the midbrain locomotor region. What is the midbrain locomotor region?

Answer 24

it is a set of nuclei in the midbrain responsible for initiating locomotor movements

Question 25

Why is the command generator in the midbrain?

Answer 25

Placing the command generator in the midbrain allows us to take inputs from both the visual and auditory stimuli, startle reflex, and anterior brain areas responsible for movement

Question 26

what is the anteriormost structure of the CNS p 51

Answer 26

cerebrum

Question 27

humans have how many pairs of cranial nerves?

Answer 27

Humans have 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Question 28

the ______ plays a central role in regulating state of consciousness

Answer 28

reticular formation

Question 29

true or false: all cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem

Answer 29

false: all cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem except for I and II. I and II emerge from the cerebrum itself

Question 30

what does the forward model of the cerebellum do?

Answer 30

makes predictions of sensory outcome of the motor command. Allows us to use past experiences to make future predictions.

Question 31

aside form coordination and balance, what else does the cerebellum help with?

Answer 31

language, memory, and attention

Question 32

the ______ is the largest part of the human brain p 61

Answer 32

cerebral cortex: reading, speaking, planning goals for the future

Question 33

divides cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres

Answer 33

longitudinal fissure, a large midsaggital sulcus

Question 34

function of corpus callosum

Answer 34

allows left and right hemispheres to communicate with each other