Chapter 2

Question 1

Forms the upright part of the body.

Answer 1

axial skeleton

Question 2

Attaches to the axial skeleton and contains bones of the extremities.

Answer 2

appendicular skeleton

Question 3

Total bones in the body?

Answer 3

206

Question 4

Bone is made up of ____ organic material and ___ inorganic material

Answer 4

1/3, 2/3

Question 5

Gives the bone its elasticity

Answer 5

organic material

Question 6

Gives the bone hardness and strength

Answer 6

inorganic material

Question 7

Makes up a hard, dense outer shell. Completely covers the bone, tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones, thick in the plates of the flat bones of the skull

Answer 7

compact bone

Question 8

Cancellous bone is also called…

Answer 8

trabeculae

Question 9

Epiphysis

Answer 9

area at each end of a long bone

Question 10

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 10

cartilaginous material in growing bone; longitudinal growth occurs here

Question 11

Diaphysis

Answer 11

main shaft of the bone

Question 12

Medullary canal

Answer 12

hollow; helps decrease weight of the bone. Contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries.

Question 13

Endosteum

Answer 13

lines the medullary canal, contains osteoclasts.

Question 14

Osteoclasts

Answer 14

mainly responsible for bone resorption

Question 15

Flared part at each end of the diaphysis

Answer 15

metaphysis

Question 16

Contains nerve and blood vessels that are important in providing nourishment, promoting growth in diameter of immature bone, and repairing the bone.

Answer 16

periosteum

Question 17

Attachment point for tendons and ligaments

Answer 17

periosteum

Question 18

Two types of epiphyses found in children whose bones are still growing:

Answer 18

pressure epiphysis, traction epiphysis

Question 19

Located at the end of long bones. Receives pressure from opposing bone making up that joint. This is where the growth of long bones occurs.

Answer 19

pressure epiphysis

Question 20

Located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling, or traction, force. Example: greater and lesser trochanters of the femur and tibial tuberosity

Answer 20

traction epiphysis

Question 21

Largest bones in the body

Answer 21

long bones

Question 22

Make up most of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 22

long bones

Question 23

Tend to have more equal dimensions of height, length, and width giving them a cube shape.

Answer 23

Short bones

Question 24

Bones of the wrist and ankle

Answer 24

Short bones

Question 25

Bones that have a variety of mixed shapes

Answer 25

Irregular bones

Question 26

Resemble the shape of sesame seeds, located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities

Answer 26

sesamoid bones

Question 27

These bones develop within the tendon and protect it from excessive wear.

Answer 27

sesamoid bones

Question 28

Broken, cracked bone

Answer 28

fracture

Question 29

Condition characterized by loss of normal bone density or bone mass. Can weaken a bone to the point of fracture

Answer 29

osteoporosis

Question 30

Infection of the bone usually caused by bacteria.

Answer 30

osteomyelitis

Question 31

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, slipped femoral capital epiphysis

Answer 31

When the epiphysis of a growing bone (not firmly attached to the diaphysis) slips or becomes misshapen.

Question 32

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 32

A common condition at the traction epiphysis of the tibial tuberosity in children whose bones are still growing.

Question 33

Hole through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

Answer 33

foramen

Question 34

Hollow or depression

Answer 34

fossa

Question 35

Ditch-like groove containing a tendon or blood vessel

Answer 35

groove

Question 36

canal or tubelike opening in the bone

Answer 36

meatus

Question 37

air-filled cavity within a bone

Answer 37

sinus

Question 38

rounded knucke-like projection

Answer 38

condyle

Question 39

Projecting, prominent part of a bone

Answer 39

eminence

Question 40

Flat or shallow articular surface

Answer 40

facet

Question 41

Rounded articular projection beyond a narrow, neck-like portion of a bone

Answer 41

head

Question 42

Sharp ridge or border

Answer 42

crest

Question 43

Prominence above or on a condyle

Answer 43

epicondyle

Question 44

Less prominent ridge

Answer 44

line

Question 45

Long, thin projection (spinous process)

Answer 45

spine

Question 46

Small, rounded projection

Answer 46

tubercle

Question 47

Large, rounded projection

Answer 47

tuberosity

Question 48

Name the long bones of the upper extremity (appendicular skeleton)

Answer 48

clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 49

Name the long bones of the lower extremity | appendicular skeleton

Answer 49

femur, fibula, tibia, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 50

Short bones of the upper extremity (appendicular skeleton)

Answer 50

carpals

Question 51

Short bones of the lower extremity (appendicular skeleton)

Answer 51

tarsals

Question 52

Flat bones of the UE (appendicular skeleton)

Answer 52

scapula

Question 53

Flat bones of the LE (appendicular skeleton)

Answer 53

hip, patella

Question 54

Flat bones of the LE (axial skeleton)

Answer 54

cranial bones (frontal, parietal), ribs, sternum

Question 55

Irregular bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 55

vertebrae, cranial bones (sphenoid, ethmoid), sacrum, coccyx, mandible, facial bones