chapter 2

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

elements

Answer 2

substance that cannot be broken down to other substances

Question 3

4 elements common to life

Answer 3

hydrogen
carbon
oxygen
nitrogen

Question 4

atoms

Answer 4

smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

formed from neutrons and protons

Question 6

protons

Answer 6

positive charge

Question 7

neutrons

Answer 7

no charge

Question 8

electrons

Answer 8

negative charge

Question 9

atomic #

Answer 9

number of protons

Question 10

mass #

Answer 10

number of protons and neutrons

Question 11

atomic mass

Answer 11

atoms total mass- can be approximated by mass #

Question 12

isotopes

Answer 12

2 atoms of an element with different number of neutrons

Question 13

molecules

Answer 13

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bond

Question 14

valence shell

Answer 14

outermost shell

Question 15

types of chemical bonds

Answer 15

covalent-electron sharing
ionic-electron transfer
hydrogen-when hydrogen bonds to something else

Question 16

non polar covalent bond

Answer 16

equally share electron

Question 17

polar covalent bond

Answer 17

does not equally share electron

Question 18

reactants

Answer 18

starting molecules of a chemical reaction

Question 19

products

Answer 19

final molecules of a chemical reation

Question 20

compound

Answer 20

contains 2 or more elements

Question 21

2 types of ions

Answer 21

cation-positive

anion-negative

Question 22

hydrogen bonds

Answer 22

hold water molecules together-called cohesion

Question 23

hydrophilic

Answer 23

water loving

Question 24

hydrophobic

Answer 24

water fearing

Question 25

specific heat

Answer 25

amount of heat needed to change it's temp

Question 26

heat of vaporization

Answer 26

amount of heat liquid must absorb to convert to gas

Question 27

evaporation

Answer 27

liquid to gas

Question 28

solvent

Answer 28

dissolving agent of a solution

Question 29

solute

Answer 29

substance dissolved

Question 30

cohesion

Answer 30

water to water

Question 31

adhesion

Answer 31

water to something else

Question 32

acid

Answer 32

substance that increases H+

Question 33

base

Answer 33

substance that reduces H+

Question 34

buffer

Answer 34

minimizes acidity

Question 35

pH scale

Answer 35

measures level of acid acidic less than 7 basic greater than 7 neutral = 7