Chapter 2

Question 1

How does neutrophils mount rapid transient immune response?

How does that differ from macrophage?

Answer 1

Through cytoskeleton rearrangement & enzyme assembly

Macrophage relies mostly on new gene transcription.

Question 2

Which cell kills by rapidly induce assembly of phagocyte oxidase (ROS) in respiratory burst?

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

Which cell kills by induction of nitric oxide following transcription of iNOS?

Answer 3

Macrophage

Question 4

Which cell induces NET formation & lysosomal enzyme secretion?

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

Name 3 types of monocytes & their respective CD.

Answer 5

Classical (M1, CD14++CD16-)
Intermediate (CD14++CD16+)
Non-classical (M2, CD14+CD16++)

Question 6

Name the macrophages involved in pro-inflammatory & anti-inflammatory responses.

Answer 6

M1 macrophage in pro-inflammatory response (classical activation)

M2 macrophage in anti-inflammatory response (alternative activation)

Question 7

Is mast cell circulating in bloodstream?

Answer 7

No. Mast cells reside in skin & mucosal epithelial.

Question 8

Which stem cell factor is essential for mast cell development?

Answer 8

c-Kit ligand

Question 9

Which molecules are stored in mast cell’s preformed granules?

Answer 9

Vasoactive amines (vasodilation & smooth muscle contraction)
Proteases (tissue damage)

Question 10

What mediators are secreted by mast cell upon activation?

Answer 10

Histamine (vasodilation & increased capillary permeability)
Leukotriene (smooth muscle contraction)
TNF (leukocyte recruitment)
Heparin (generate bradykinin via FXII activation)

*FXII aka Hageman Factor

Question 11

Which cells express high-affinity FceR for IgE?

Answer 11

Mast cell
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 12

Which circulating granulocyte shares structural & functional similarities to mast cells?

Answer 12

Basophils (just that basophils are blood-circulating while mast cells are not)

Question 13

Which molecule is found inside eosinophil granules?

Answer 13

Major basic protein

Question 14

Maturation of dendritic cells depends on which cytokines?

Answer 14

Flt3 ligand

Question 15

All DCs express both class I & II MHC molecules.
True or false.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Name 3 subsets of dendritic cell & the respective cytokines produced.

Answer 16

Classical/conventional DC

• major DC (IL-12 in both innate &adaptive immunity)
• cross-presenting DC (IL-23 in adaptive immunity)

Plasmacytoid DC (Type I IFN in antiviral immunity aka priming)
- the major producer of Type I IFN

Question 17

Which transcription factor is the most potent in driving CD4+ T cell response?

Answer 17

IRF4 (in major subset of DC with high expression of BDCA-1/CD1c)

Question 18

Name the most numerous B lymphocyte.

Answer 18

Follicular B cells

Question 19

List the selected phenotype markers in the following T cells.

• helper T cell
• cytotoxic T cell
• regulatory T cell
• natural killer T cell
• gamma delta T cell
• MAIT cell

Answer 19

Helper T cell (CD3, 4, 8)
Cytotoxic T cell (CD3, 4, 8)
Regulatory T cell (CD3, 4, 8, FoxP3 [commonest])
NKT cell (CD3, CD56 & CD16)
Gamma delta T cell (CD3, 4, 8)
MAIT cell (CD3, 8)

Question 20

Which cell binds to glycolipid-CD1 complex?

Answer 20

NKT cell

Question 21

Which cell shows specificity for bacterial metabolites?

Answer 21

MAIT cells

Question 22

Which B cell has IgD, Fc receptor, class II MHC, CD19 & CD23?

Answer 22

Follicular B cell

Question 23

Which B cell shows IgD, IgM & CD27 only.

Answer 23

Marginal zone B cell

Question 24

Which B cell shows IgD, IgM, CD43, CD20, CD27 but negative CD70?

Answer 24

B-1 cell

Question 25

Which cytokines are essential for naive T and B cell survival?

Answer 25

IL-7 for naive T cell survival | BAFF for naive B cell survival

Question 26

Which cell exhibits cell cycling?

Answer 26

Effector lymphocytes

Question 27

Which T lymphocyte (naive/effector/memory) expresses the highest: 1) IL-2R 2) L-selection 3) IL-7R 4) Adhesion molecules (integrins, CD4c) 5) CCR7 6) Major CD45 isoforms

Answer 27

1) effector 2) naive 3) memory 4) effector & memory 5) naive 6) CD45RA for naive & effector; CD45RO for memory

Question 28

Expression of which CD is high or low in plasmablast?

Answer 28

Low CD19 & CD20 | High CD27 & CD38

Question 29

Which transcription factor maintains naive T cell phenotypes?

Answer 29

KLF-2 | Kruppel-like factor 2

Question 30

Which surface markers are present on hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 30

CD34 | c-Kit

Question 31

Which cytokines is required for early development of T cells?

Answer 31

IL-7

Question 32

Which cell presents self antigen to developing T cells to cause their elimination?

Answer 32

Medullary thymic epithelial cell (MTEC)

Question 33

Where can Hassall corpuscle be found?

Answer 33

Medulla of thymus (remnant of degenerating cells)

Question 34

What disease causes athymia?

Answer 34

DiGeorge syndrome (C22q11.2 deletion)

Question 35

Which chemokines promote chemotaxis of naive T cells from blood to lymph node T cell zone through HEV?

Answer 35

Naive T cell expresses CCR7 that binds chemokine CCL19 & CCL21 (expressed by FRC & lymphatic endothelial cells)

Question 36

Which cytokines promote chemotaxis of naive B cell to lymph node?

Answer 36

Naive B cell expresses CXCR5 which recognises CXCL13 produced by follicular DC.

Question 37

Another name for T cell zone in red pulp of spleen.

Answer 37

PALS (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath)

Question 38

List 5 types of MALT.

Answer 38

``` GALT/Peyer’s patches BALT NALT OALT DALT ```