Chapter 7

Question 1

List 2 examples of nuclear hormone receptors.

Answer 1

Vitamin D receptor

Glucocorticoid receptor

Question 2

List 2 major enzymes that GPCR activates.

Answer 2

Adenylyl cyclase

Phospholipase C

Question 3

Name the receptor involved in cell fate determination during lymphocyte developments.

Answer 3

Notch proteins

Question 4

Name the receptor involved in lymphopoiesis.

Answer 4

Wnt proteins

Question 5

Name the catalytic tyrosine kinase domain involved in antigen-induced lymphocyte activation.

Answer 5

Src family kinase (SH2 domain-phosphotyrosine interaction)

Question 6

This signalling molecule recognises specific phospholipids like PIP3.

Answer 6

Pleckstrin homologous (PH) domain

Question 7

List the adaptor proteins in

1) linking T cell activation
2) B cell linking
3) SH2 domain-containing
4) Grb-2-related

Answer 7

1) LAT
2) BLNK
3) SLP-76
4) GADS

Question 8

Name the classical prions involved in

1) NLRP3 inflammasome & IL-1 production
2) RIG-1 pathway & type 1 IFN production

Answer 8

1) ASC protein

2) MAVS

Question 9

Give the ITAMs for the following structures.

1) TCR complex
2) BCR
3) FceRI
4) NK cells

Answer 9

1) CD3 & universal chain
2) Ig alpha & Ig beta
3) Fc receptor
4) NKG2D activating receptor

Question 10

Name the ITIMs involved in the following structures.

1) T cell
2) B cell
3) other cells
4) NK cells

Answer 10

1) PD-1
2) CD22
3) FcyRIIB
4) Inhibitory NK cell receptors

Question 11

Define positive selection.

Answer 11

Weak antigen receptor signalling is required for survival of clones expressing functional receptors.

Question 12

Define negative selection.

Answer 12

Strong signalling is required to induce apoptosis of clones with self-reactive antigen receptors.

Question 13

Name the monomer that binds to a2 & b2 domains of class II MHC.

Answer 13

CD4

Question 14

Name the heterodimer that binds to a3 domain of class I MHC.

Answer 14

CD8

Question 15

Name 2 processes involved in activation of tyrosine kinase & lipid kinase.

Answer 15

ZAP-70 recruitment

PI3-kinase (Itk in T cells & Btk in B cells) activation to generate PIP3

Question 16

() phosphorylate & activates PKB, contributing to cell survival by inactivating proapoptotic Bcl-2 family.

Answer 16

PDK1 (PIP3-dependent kinase 1)

Question 17

() serves as a site for signalling molecule turnover, primarily by ubiquitination & delivery to late endosome & lysosome.

Answer 17

c-SMAC

Question 18

Name 2 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling pathways and the transcription factors that they activate.

Answer 18

Ras pathway in ERK activation

Rac pathway in JNK activation

Question 19

Name 3 biochemical intermediates involved in calcium signalling pathway.

Answer 19

Phospholipase C
IP3
DAG

Question 20

Name 3 most critical transcription factors that are activated in regulation of T cell gene expression.

Answer 20

NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells)
AP-1
NF-kB

Question 21

Cyclosporine blocks () by binding to ().

Answer 21

calcineurin

cyclophilin

Question 22

Tacrolimus blocks () by binding to ().

Answer 22

Calcineurin

FK506-binding protein (FKBP)

Question 23

() processes microRNA (miRNA) into pre-miRNA.

Answer 23

Drosha

Question 24

() processes pre-miRNA into ds-miRNA.

Answer 24

Dicer

Question 25

Name the tyrosine phosphatase that acts on 1) phosphoproteins 2) inositol phosphatase 3) lymphocyte activation

Answer 25

1) SHP-1 & SHP-2 2) SHIP 3) CD45

Question 26

Name 1) the best costimulators of CD28 2) costimulators in follicular helper T cell activation

Answer 26

1) B7-1 (CD80) & B7-2 (CD86) | 2) ICOS (inducible costimulators)

Question 27

Mutation of () gene encoding SAP leads to a disease called ().

Answer 27

SH2D1A gene | X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP)

Question 28

Name the B cell receptor for C3d.

Answer 28

Type 2 complement receptor (CR2 or CD21)

Question 29

Name the B cell receptor complex.

Answer 29

CR2-CD19-CD81

Question 30

Another name for CD81.

Answer 30

TAPA-1

Question 31

Inhibitory signalling in lymphocytes is mediated by () & ().

Answer 31

Inhibitory receptors | E3 ubiquitin ligases

Question 32

Name the inhibitory receptors for 1) NK cells 2) T cells 3) B cells

Answer 32

1) KIR, SHP-1, SHP-2 & SHIP 2) CTLA-4 & PD-1 3) FcyRIIB

Question 33

Name 2 subgroups of type 1 cytokine receptors.

Answer 33

common y chain aka CD132(IL-2,4,7,9,15,21) | gp130 (IL-6,11,27)

Question 34

List 5 entities of type 2 cytokine receptors.

Answer 34

``` Type 1 IFN Type 2 IFN IL-10 IL-20 IL-22 ```

Question 35

List 5 entities of TNF receptor family.

Answer 35

``` TNF receptors (TNFRI & TNFRII) CD40 Fas (CD59) Lymphotoxin receptor BAFF receptor family ```

Question 36

Name the genetic abnormality that leads to myelodysplastic syndrome with aplastic anemia & polycythemia vera.

Answer 36

Gain-of-function mutation of JAK2

Question 37

Mutation of common y chain & JAK3 causes ().

Answer 37

SCID

Question 38

Activating mutations in STAT3 causes ().

Answer 38

Lymphocytic leukemia

Question 39

State 3 functions of NF-kB.

Answer 39

Inflammation & lymphocyte activation Cell survival Secondary lymphoid organs development

Question 40

Name 2 pathways of NF-kB activation.

Answer 40

``` Canonical pathway (IL-1b & TNF-a) Non-canonical pathway (BAFF & CD40L) ```

Question 41

Name the inhibitor of NF-kB.

Answer 41

IkBa