Chapter 2 - APHG Flashcards
(20 cards)
demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
Carrying Capacity
the maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely
Overpopulation
when the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Four Major Population Clusters
East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Europe
Much of Earth is Sparsely Populated
too dry, too wet, too cold, too high
Ecumene
The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Population Density
Arithmetic Density:(people/land)
Physiological Density:(people/arable)
Agricultural Density:(farmers/arable)
Natural Increase Rate
the percentage by which a population grows in a year doubling time is the number of years needed to double a population
Natural Increase
occurs when births (fertility) exceed deaths (mortality)
Total Fertility Rate
the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Infant Mortality Rate
the annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age
Demographic Transition
a process of change in a society’s population from high crude birth
and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population
Life Expantancy
the average number of years an individual can be expected to live
Elderly Support Ratio
the number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the
number of persons 65 and older
Dependency Ratio
the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years
Population Pyramid
a bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender
Epidemiologic Transition
focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition:
4 Stages of demographic transition
Stage 1: Pestilence and Famine
Stage 2: Receding Pandemics
Stage 3: Degenerative Diseases Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative and Lifestyle Disease
pronatalist policy
a government policy that supports higher birth rates
antinatalist policy
a government policy that supports lower birth rates
