Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards
(30 cards)
What can do work?
ENERGY
Define matter
Anything that contains mass and occupies space
An atom is?
The smallest functional unit of matter
Proton:
p+ Found in nucleus Has mass Gives identity Heavy
Neutron:
o n Found in nucleus Has mass Gives mass Heavy
Electron:
- e Found in orbit Practically no mass Gives reactivity Light
Neutral Atom=
+ -
p = e
The Atomic Number =
I protons in the nucleus
Protons + Neutrons = ?
Atomic Mass
Atomic mass units
An atoms mass relative to the mass of other atoms
Dalton:
Unit of measurement for usually larger units
Also known as amu
1 Da = 1/2 mass of Ca
Mole:
1 mole = the same number of atoms of any element
Avogodro’s number N
o
6.022 x 10 ^ 23
Same # of protons, diff # of neutrons =
Isotopes
Molecule
two or more atoms bonded together
Molecular Formula
Chemical symbols of element found in a molecule
Compound:
Composed of two or more elements
Polar Covalent Bond:
unequal sharing of electrons
Ex: skin, hair, water
Nonpolar Covalent Bond:
Equal sharing of electrons
Ionic Bond:
Transfer of electrons between two atoms (electrical attraction)
Cation: positive ion
Anion: negative ion
Ex: rocks, teeth, bones
Metallic Bond:
both the sharing and transfer of electrons
Ex: tungsten, steel
List the bonds from weakest to strongest:
Nonpolar
Polar
Ionic
Metallic
Sharing if one pair of electrons =
Single Bond
Sharing of two pairs of electrons =
Double bond
