Chapter 5: Macromolecules

Question 0

Why is the atoms fixed ratio for carbohydrates?

Answer 0

1 Carbon
2 Hydrogens
1 Carbon

Question 1

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

Pentose- Ribose

Answer 2

C H O

5 10 5

Question 3

Hexose- Glucose

Answer 3

C H O

6 12 6

Question 4

Type of carbohydrate structures?

Answer 4

1. Ring

2. Linear

Question 5

Sugars like pasta and bread are what type of sugars?

Answer 5

Alpha Sugars

Question 6

Sugars not digestible for animals are?

Answer 6

Beta Sugars

Question 7

Fructose is?

Answer 7

Fruit sugar

Question 8

What is the common name for Galactose

Answer 8

Milk Sugar

Question 9

Describe a disaccharide

Answer 9

2 monosaccharides joined by condensation/ dehydration reaction

Question 10

When two sugars link together it forms what type of bond?

Answer 10

A Glycosidic Bond

Question 11

Give the scientific name for table sugar?

Answer 11

Sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 12

Maltose is?

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 12

Brewers Sugar

Question 13

Milk Sugar is?

Answer 13

Lactose = glucose + galactose

Question 14

Many monosaccharides linked together forms a?

Answer 14

Polysaccharide

Question 15

Lipids:

Answer 15

• composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms

- are nonpolar

Question 16

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 16

Fatty Acids

Question 17

Name the three types of Lipids:

Answer 17

1. Triglycerides
2. Phospholipids
3. Sterols

Question 18

3 fatty acids + glycerol =

Answer 18

Triglycerides or Triacylglycerols

Question 19

What comes from animals and is solid at room temperature?

Answer 19

Fats

Question 20

Oils are?

Answer 20

Liquids at room temperature and come from plants

Question 21

Fats are important for?

Answer 21

• Energy
• Cushioning
• Insulation

Question 22

Single Covalent Bonds create :

Answer 22

Saturated Fats

Question 23

One or More Double Bonds create:

Answer 23

Unsaturated Fats

Question 24

Cis are? | Trans are?

Answer 24

- formed naturally | - formed by a synthetic process

Question 25

A glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group =

Answer 25

Phospholipids

Question 26

Describe Phospholipids:

Answer 26

-Amphipathic Phosphate Region: polar Fatty acid Chains: nonpolar

Question 27

A common name for Sterols is?

Answer 27

Steroids

Question 28

Describe Sterols:

Answer 28

- Non-water soluble | - Used to make membranes more rigid

Question 29

What are proteins composed of?

Answer 29

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 30

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 30

Amino Acids

Question 31

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 31

20

Question 32

What determines the structure and function of proteins?

Answer 32

Their side-chain

Question 33

When two amino acids bind together they form a?

Answer 33

Peptide Bond < 50 amino acids

Question 34

> 50 amino acids

Answer 34

Polypeptide Bond

Question 35

> 100 amino acids

Answer 35

A PROTEIN

Question 36

Proteins start and end:

Answer 36

The amino ( N ) and end at carboxylic ( C )

Question 37

list the 4 structures of proteins

Answer 37

1. Primary : order 2. Secondary : starts to fold 3. Tertiary : completely folded 4. Quaternary : joins other polypeptide chains

Question 38

What are 5 factors that promote protein folding and stability?

Answer 38

1. Hydrogen Bonds 2. Ionic Attractions 3. Hydrophobic Effects 4. Van der Waals forces 5. Disulfide bridges

Question 39

4 principle forces of protein- protein interactions are:

Answer 39

1. Hydrogen Bonds 2. Ionic Attractions 3. Hydrophobic Effects 4. Van der Waals Forces

Question 40

Nucleic acids are responsible for?

Answer 40

Storage Expression & Transmission of genetic information

Question 41

What are the building blocks of Nucleic acids?

Answer 41

Nucleotides

Question 42

What forms a nucleotide?

Answer 42

A phosphate group A five-carbon sugar A nitrogenous base (purine/pyrimidine)

Question 43

A & G are?

Answer 43

Purines

Question 44

C U T are?

Answer 44

Pyrimidines