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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 2: Body Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What lines the body cavities?

A

Membranes

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2
Q

Name the 2 cavities on the posterior side of the body

A

Cranial cavity and vertebral canal

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3
Q

What are the cranial and vertebral cavities lined with?

A

Meninges

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4
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

The diaphragm

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5
Q

Name the 2 main cavities on the anterior side of body

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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6
Q

What smaller cavities are contained in the thoracic cavity?

A

Two pleural cavities and a pericardial cavity

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7
Q

What cavity is each lung located in?

A

Pleural cavity

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8
Q

Which lung contains the heart?

A

Pericardial cavity

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9
Q

What region is the pericardial cavity located in?

A

The mediastinum

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10
Q

What structures does the mediastinum contain?

A

The heart, esophagus, thymus, trachea and great vessels

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11
Q

Describe where the mediastinum is

A

Between the lungs, between the sternum and vertebrae, and between the base of the neck and diaphragm

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12
Q

What cavity is superior to the diaphragm?

A

Thoracic cavity

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13
Q

What cavity is inferior to the diaphragm?

A

The abdominopelvic cavity

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14
Q

The (blank) cavity is superior to the (blank) cavity: pelvic, abdominal

A

Abdominal; pelvic

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15
Q

Name some structures within the abdominal cavity

A

Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, ureters, most of large intestine

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16
Q

Name some structures within the pelvic cavity

A

Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, urethra, rectum and anal canal

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17
Q

What are membranes?

A

Thin sheets of tissues that line the openings and cavities of the body

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18
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

Membranes that line internal walls of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities; also cover the internal organs within these cavities

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19
Q

Outer layer of serous membrane

A

Parietal layer

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20
Q

Internal layer of serous membrane

A

Visceral layer

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21
Q

Layer of serous membrane that attaches to cavity wall

A

Parietal layer

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22
Q

Layer of serous membrane that attaches to surface of internal organ

A

Visceral layer

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23
Q

Serous fluid

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A

Fluid produced by serous membrane cells that reduces friction between the two layers

24
Q

Describe the membranes that surround the heart

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A

The serous pericardium consists of: visceral layer of serous pericardium and parietal layer of serous pericardium; layers separated by pericardial cavity

25
Describe the membranes around the lungs
The pleura consists of: visceral pleura and parietal pleura separated by the pleural cavity
26
Describe the membranes surrounding the abdominal organs
The peritoneum consists of: visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum separated by the peritoneal cavity
27
Region posterior to the parietal peritoneum
Retroperitonal space
28
What region are the kidneys and pancreas in?
Retroperitonal space
29
Name the 4 abdominal quadrants
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
30
Name the 9 abdominal regions
Right hypochondrium, epigastric region, left hypochondrium, left flank, umbilical region, right flank, right inguinal region, pubic region, and left inguinal region
31
What is an organ?
A structure comprised of 2 or more tissues that performs a specific function (or functions) for the body
32
Name examples of organs
Heart, lungs, stomach
33
What is an organ system?
A combination of organs that work together to maintain homeostasis
34
What is homeostasis?
The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite changing external conditions
35
Major organs of the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels, blood, bone marrow
36
Major organs of the digestive (alimentary) system
Mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
37
Major organs of the endocrine system
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, hypothalamus, pineal gland
38
Major organs of the integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands
39
Major organs of the lymphoid system
Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, lymph, tonsils, lymphoid tissues, lymphatic vessels
40
Major organs of the muscular system
Skeletal muscles
41
Major organs of the nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors, special sense organs
42
Major organs of the reproductive system
Males: testes, urethra, penis, prostate, ductus deferents, epididymides, seminal vesicles, bulbo-urethral glands Females: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
43
Major organs of the skeletal system
Bones, cartilages and ligaments, bone marrow
44
Major organs of the respiratory system
Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
45
Major organs of the urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
46
List some major functions of the urinary system
Maintain water/electrolyte/pH balance, eliminate nitrogenous wastes, regulate blood volume and BP, stimulate RBC production, detoxify chemicals
47
List some major functions of the cardiovascular system
Transport chemicals and heat throughout the body, provide defense, clot blood, regulate fluid/electrolyte/pH balance
48
Name some major functions of the skeletal system
Support and protect softer body parts, store minerals, produce formed elements
49
Name some of the major functions of the digestive (alimentary) system
Break down food particles to enable absorption into blood, eliminate solid wastes
50
Name some major functions of the respiratory system
Exchange gases between blood and air, produce sound, regulate blood pH
51
Name some major functions of the endocrine system
Produce hormones, direct internal communication and coordination
52
Name some major functions of the reproductive system
Produce sex cells for fertilization to create new human, produce sex hormones, serve as site of embryonic and fetal development, nourish offspring
53
Name some major functions of the integumentary system
Protect the body, prevent fluid loss, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, detect stimuli
54
Name some major functions of the nervous system
Detect stimuli, process sensory information, control motor responses, direct internal communication and coordination
55
Name some major functions of the lymphoid system
Protect the body from foreign particles and cells, remove dead and diseased cells, transport lipids to blood, remove excess fluid tissue and return to blood
56
Name some major functions of the muscular system
Move the body, maintain posture, produce heat, control body openings

Anatomy 1 (6 decks)

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