Chapter 4: The Cell

Question 1

What are the three major parts of the cell?

Answer 1

Plasma/cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 2

Which part of the cell consists of a phospholipid bilateral?

Answer 2

Plasma/cell membrane

Question 3

Region between nucleus and plasma membrane that contains cytosol and organelles

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Thick gel-like guild comprised of water and proteins

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

Structures suspended within cytosol

Answer 5

Organelles

Question 6

Cylinder composed of 9 groups of 3 microtubules; 2 in each cell

Answer 6

Centrioles

Question 7

Long, slender projections of plasma membrane

Answer 7

Cilia

Question 8

Long, whip-like outward projection

Answer 8

Flagellum

Question 9

Numerous tiny outward folds of plasma membrane

Answer 9

Microvilli (or microvillus)

Question 10

Small spherical structures of RNA either attached to rough ER or free floating in cytosol

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

Parallel flattened sacs with attached ribosomes, continuous with nuclear envelope

Answer 11

Rough ER

Question 12

Branching tube-shaped sacks (no ribosomes) that are continuous with rough ER

Answer 12

Smooth ER

Question 13

Series of flattened, disc-shaped stacks (pancakes)

Answer 13

Golgi complex (apparatus)

Question 14

Bean or rod-shaped structure with inner folded membrane

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Small spherical structure made in Golgi complex

Answer 15

Lysosome

Question 16

Small spherical structure formed from ER

Answer 16

Peroxisome

Question 17

Rods of protein

Answer 17

Cytoskeleton

Question 18

Small spherical sac formed from Golgi complex

Answer 18

Secretory vesicle

Question 19

Large spherical structure in center of cell

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

Double membrane with nuclear pores surrounding neoplasm

Answer 20

Nuclear membrane

Question 21

Gel-like material within nucleus containing chromatin and nucleoli

Answer 21

Nucleoplasm

Question 22

Small mass with RNA and protein

Answer 22

Nucleolus or nucleoli

Question 23

Threadlike material composed of DNA and proteins

Answer 23

Chromatin

Question 24

Functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 24

Provides barrier to cell, regulates movement of materials in/out of the cell, cellular communication

Question 25

What does cytosol do?

Answer 25

Transports materials between organelles

Question 26

What does a centriole do?

Answer 26

Forms the mitotic spindle during mitosis

Question 27

What do cilia do?

Answer 27

Propel substances across a cell’s surface

Question 28

Purpose of a flagellum

Answer 28

To move a sperm

Question 29

Function of microvilli

Answer 29

Increase surface area for absorption; sensory detection (taste and hearing)

Question 30

Primary function of a ribosome

Answer 30

Synthesize polypeptides

Question 31

What does the rough ER do?

Answer 31

Synthesize protein, synthesize plasma membrane components

Question 32

What does the smooth ER do?

Answer 32

Detoxify drugs/alcohol, synthesize lipids, stores calcium

Question 33

What does the Golgi complex do?

Answer 33

Synthesize carbohydrates, modifies polypeptides, adds carbs to glycoproteins, packages products into lysosomes or secretory vesicles

Question 34

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 34

Synthesizes ATP through aerobic respiration

Question 35

What does a lysosome do?

Answer 35

Uses enzymes to digest phagocytized materials (bacteria), extra/nonessential components within cell, or whole cells; uses enzymes to breakdown glycogen into glucose

Question 36

What does peroxisome do?

Answer 36

Uses enzymes to break down fatty acids and detoxify alcohol, drugs and free radicals

Question 37

What does cytoskeleton do?

Answer 37

Supports cell structure; stabilizes positioning of organelles; participates in cell division; produces cell movement; attaches cells to surroundings

Question 38

What does a secretory vesicle do?

Answer 38

Releases products from cell through exocytosis

Question 39

What does a nuclear membrane do?

Answer 39

Regulates movement of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

Question 40

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 40

Synthesizes RNA

Question 41

What does chromatin do?

Answer 41

Contains genes that control protein synthesis

Question 42

What is diffusion? Is it passive?

Answer 42

Process by which chemicals move from high [] to low []; yes

Question 43

What are the effects of temperature, gradient and molecular weight on diffusion?

Answer 43

As temperature increases, diffusion increases; as gradient increases, diffusion increases; as molecular weight increases, diffusion decreases

Question 44

What is osmosis?

Answer 44

Passive process involving movement of water from high water [] to low water [] across semipermeable membrane

Question 45

What is the ability of a cell to alter its size through osmosis?

Answer 45

Tonicity

Question 46

What is a hypertonic solution? What does this cause a cell to do in size?

Answer 46

A solution in which solute [] is greater outside the cell than inside; shrink

Question 47

What is a hypotonic solution? What does it cause a cell to do in size?

Answer 47

A solution in which the solute concentration is lower outside than inside the cell; swell

Question 48

What is the word for shrink?

Answer 48

Crenate

Question 49

What is the word for rupture?

Answer 49

Lyse