chapter 2 carbohydrates Flashcards
(21 cards)
What chemical elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are the basic units carbohydrates break down into when digested?
Carbohydrates break down into glucose, fructose, and galactose.
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy and aid in digestion through dietary fiber.
How are carbohydrates classified?
Carbohydrates are classified into simple (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides).
Name some sources of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are found in foods like grapes, milk, and rice.
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
What is glucose?
Glucose is a monosaccharide known as blood sugar and is a primary energy source for cells.
What is fructose?
Fructose is found in fruits and honey and is used in the body to produce glucose.
What is galactose?
Galactose is found in dairy products and is converted into glucose in the liver.
What are disaccharides?
Disaccharides are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide units linked together.
What is sucrose?
Sucrose is common table sugar made from glucose and fructose.
What is lactose?
Lactose is found in milk and is composed of glucose and galactose.
What is maltose?
Maltose is found in malted foods and is made from two glucose units.
What are polysaccharides?
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units.
What is starch?
Starch is a storage form of glucose in plants, found in foods like potatoes and rice.
What is glycogen?
Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals, primarily found in the liver and muscles.
What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, provides dietary fiber, and aids in digestion.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates provide the primary source of energy for the body.
How do carbohydrates aid digestion?
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) or dietary fiber help in digestion.
Give examples of simple carbohydrates.
Examples of simple carbohydrates include grapes, bananas, and milk.
Give examples of complex carbohydrates.
Examples of complex carbohydrates include brown rice, potatoes, and pasta.
