Chapter 2: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which saccharide is classified as a disaccharide?

Answer 1

-Maltose
-Sucrose
-Lactose

Question 2

Which common sugar found outside of plants promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 2

Lactose

Question 3

Lactose, or milk sugar, is classified as which type of carbohydrate?

Answer 3

Disaccharide

Question 4

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Answer 4

Mouth

Question 5

Which class of carbohydrates is considered the building blocks of all carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides

Question 6

Which statement about saliva is accurate?

Answer 6

Saliva contains amylase, and enzyme that begins the process of digesting starches

Question 7

Which statement about the classification of carbohydrates ad their importance in nutrition is correct?

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose, and galactose, are all monosaccharides, which are important to human nutrition

Question 8

Which statement concerning dietary fiber provides the best foundation for consumption of dietary fiber to help address constipation?

Answer 8

Dietary fiber adds bulk to fecal matter, stimulating muscle action in the intestine

Question 9

Which statement best describes the relationship between dietary fiber and glucose levels?

Answer 9

Eating dietary fibers may help slow the absorption of glucose by my body

Question 10

Which carbohydrate most efficiently adds important bulk to the diet?

Answer 10

Cellulose

Question 11

Which foods meet high fiber needs by supplying at least 4 g of fiber per serving?

Answer 11

-Kidney beans
-Oatmeal
-Shredded wheat
-Spaghetti

Question 12

What is the dietary reference intake (DRI) per day for carbohydrates for adults?

Answer 12

225-325 g

Question 13

Which food choice provides complex carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Beans

Question 14

Which statement best describes the only real nutrient function of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

The only real nutrient function of carbohydrates is the supply of energy

Question 15

The body can digest and metabolize carbohydrates to produce which substance for energy?

Answer 15

Glucose

Question 16

The parotid glands secrete an enzyme that acts on starch to begin its breakdown into dextrin and disaccharides. What is this enzyme called?

Answer 16

Ptyalin (also known as salivary amylase)

Question 17

Which term represents the actual breakdown of substances resulting from the production and/or storage of gastric and digestive secretions?

Answer 17

Chemical digestion

Question 18

Which statement describes possible outcomes of insufficient dietary carbohydrate intake?

Answer 18

-Fat is broken down to use for energy, resulting in the production of ketones.

-The required minute-to-minute supply of glucose for the brain may not be available.

-Protein is sacrificed to supply energy, which affects tissue growth and maintenance.

Question 19

Which statement accurately describes carbohydrates and their classifications?

Answer 19

-Carbohydrates are composed of 3 elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

-The term “saccharide” is derived from the Latin word “saccharum” meaning sugar.

-Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of saccharide units in each structure.

-Polysaccharides are large, complex compounds made up of many saccharide units in long chains.

Question 20

Which food is a preferred energy source of body cells?

Answer 20

-Rice
-Pasta
-White bread

Question 21

Which characteristic is associated with non-nutritive sweeteners?

Answer 21

No caloric value

Question 22

Which type of fiber is insoluble and helps the digestive system hold water?

Answer 22

-Lignin
-Cellulose
-Hemicellulose

Question 23

Which statement represents the classifications of carbohydrates?

Answer 23

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple carbohydrates, whereas polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates

Question 24

Which statement outlines the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 24

Provide energy, spare proteins, and provide dietary fiber

Question 25

What is the difference between blood glucose and glycogen?

Answer 25

Blood glucose is the carbohydrate circulating in the body, and glycogen is the carbohydrate stored in the body

Question 26

Which statement best describes blood glucose?

Answer 26

Blood glucose is the same monosaccharide as the glucose found in food sources

Question 27

Which statements explain the functions of fiber in overall health?

Answer 27

-Slows down digestion to increase satiety -Increases fecal bulk to ease bowel movements -Slows down the release of glucose into the blood -Binds bile acids in the gut to reduce circulating cholesterol

Question 28

What is the purpose of glycogen?

Answer 28

Glycogen is stored in the skeletal muscles and liver for quick release to help the body maintain blood glucose levels

Question 29

Which foods are good sources of dietary fiber?

Answer 29

-Bran cereal -Honey oat bread -Flaxseed crackers

Question 30

Which foods provide a good source of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 30

-Baked potato -Vegetable barley soup -Whole wheat pita bread -Broccoli and wild rice casserole

Question 31

Why is it important to mechanically digest food?

Answer 31

If foods are not physically broken into smaller particles, chemical digestion and absorption will take longer

Question 32

What parts of the body are involved in mechanical digestion?

Answer 32

-Teeth -Tongue -Stomach -Esophagus

Question 33

Which statement best describes what happens to carbohydrates in the stomach?

Answer 33

Hydrochloric acid inhibits salivary amylase to prevent further chemical digestion

Question 34

What happens to carbohydrates in the large intestine?

Answer 34

Undigested fiber supports gut bacteria and aids in elimination of waste

Question 35

Which statement regarding disaccharidases is correct?

Answer 35

Maltase breaks a disaccharide bond that yields two molecules of glucose

Question 36

Which action is a voluntary process of mechanical digestion?

Answer 36

Mastication

Question 37

What process of chemical digestion occurs in the mouth?

Answer 37

The parotid glands secrete salivary amylase

Question 38

Which action occurs during chemical digestion in the small intestine?

Answer 38

Enzymes secreted from the pancreas and microvilli break bonds that link saccharides to allow for absorption The pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase, and the microvilli in the small intestine secrete disaccharidases, which break the bonds between the disaccharides and separate them in preparation for absorption.