Chapter 8: Minerals Flashcards
Discuss the key aspects of major minerals. (65 cards)
How should a mineral be classified if it is required for major body processes and the daily recommended intake is 45 mg/day?
Trace
Trace minerals have a recommended intake less than 100 mg/day.
Major minerals have a recommended intake greater than 100 mg/day.
In which forms do minerals exist in the body?
-As part of vitamins
-As charged molecules
-Molecularly bound to other minerals
Which factors increase intestinal absorption of minerals?
-A healthy digestive tract
-Eating foods from animal sources
Which functions describe the major roles of calcium in the body?
-Calcium helps bones throughout life
-Providing a component of fibrin for blood clotting
-Assisting in the function of both nerves and muscles
An 80-year-old married woman is being educated about the amount of calcium that should be consumed daily in her diet. What information should she be given?
-“You will need the same amount as your husband.”
-“Women in your age group are advised to consume 1000 mg/day.”
A middle-aged woman is being educated about the importance of adequate amounts of calcium in the diet. What information should also be included in this education to help prevent a deficiency of calcium?
-Vitamin D is also important to maintain calcium levels.
-Physical activity has an impact on strengthening bones by increasing calcium deposits in the bones.
Which foods will provide a good source of calcium?
-Ice cream
-Collard greens
-Calcium-fortified orange juice
Which are functions of phosphorus in the body?
-Component of DNA
-Maintenance of pH balance
-Calcification of bones and teeth
-Stores energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Which actions can help prevent phosphorus deficiency?
-Eating a well-balanced diet including a variety of food choices
-Avoiding dependence on antacids that contain aluminum hydroxide
Which foods are considered high in bioavailable phosphorus?
-Yogurt
-Turkey
-Egg yolks
Which information regarding hyponatremia is accurate?
Sodium helps to regulate the response of nerves and the contraction of muscles, so hyponatremia can lead to muscle cramps.
A 47-year-old patient has been found to be salt sensitive and is experiencing symptoms associated with excessive intake of sodium. Which findings and patient history are consistent with this diagnosis?
-Hypertension
-Hypernatremia
-Edema in feet and ankles
-An intake of sodium of approximately 2 g/day
Which statement is true regarding dietary salt requirements?
Sodium naturally occurs in food in amounts adequate to meet the body’s needs.
Which body functions may be affected by hypokalemia?
-Cardiac functioning
-Blood sugar regulation
-Blood pressure regulation
A middle-aged patient being treated for hypertension is diagnosed with hypokalemia. What dietary change would help the patient maintain adequate potassium levels?
Eating two to three servings of fresh fruits and vegetables at each meal
Which food choices are rich sources of potassium?
-Oranges
-Cooked halibut
-Roasted soybeans
Which description is accurate regarding the function of chloride in the acid-base reactions of cells?
Chloride changes places with a bicarbonate ion to maintain a consistency of charges
A patient is hospitalized for treatment of nausea and excessive vomiting. The patient was informed of a chloride deficiency and questions how this occurred. What are appropriate responses by the nurse?
-“The body became dehydrated and lost fluids along with sodium and chloride.”
-“Since so much chloride was lost through vomiting, there is not enough chloride for the kidneys to reabsorb.”
-“The vomiting caused a loss of gastric secretions, including hydrochloric acid, which is one way that the body stores chloride.”
A 45-year-old patient just received education about a healthy diet. Which responses by the patient indicate an accurate understanding of this information regarding chloride?
-“I should have about 2.3 grams of chloride per day.”
-“As I age, my need for chloride, just like my need for sodium, will gradually decrease.”
Which descriptions are accurate regarding the major roles of magnesium in the body?
-Magnesium assists with thermoregulation
-Magnesium assists in the maintenance of DNA
-Magnesium assists in the functioning of the heart
-Magnesium helps to provide energy for many metabolic reactions
Which conditions, if present, put a male patient at risk for hypomagnesemia?
-Consuming primarily processed foods
-Eating less than 400 mg of magnesium per day
-Malnutrition associated with excessive alcohol intake
An adult female patient is being educated on ways to ensure an adequate amount of magnesium is obtained. What information regarding magnesium intake is important to provide to this patient?
-Unprocessed foods are generally higher in magnesium
-The diet should include at least 310 mg of magnesium per day
-Consuming more than 350 mg of magnesium per day in the form of supplements can cause side effects
-A balanced diet usually includes enough magnesium to prevent deficiency unless the patient has a chronic condition
Which food combinations are rich in sulfur?
-Yogurt with almonds
-A hard-boiled egg and sausage
-A grilled cheese sandwich with milk
Which statement accurately describes a primary function of sulfur in the body?
Sulfur is a component of the structure of hair and nails.
