Chapter 4: Proteins

Question 1

Proteins can be differentiated from other macronutrients by the incorporation of which chemical element?

Answer 1

Nitrogen

Question 2

Which statements describe a dispensable amino acid?

Answer 2

-It does not need to be consumed daily
-It is made from other amino acids in the body

Question 3

Which proteins are responsible for transporting substances throughout the body?

Answer 3

-Transferrin
-Hemoglobin
-Lipoproteins

Question 4

Which structure connects two amino acids?

Answer 4

Peptide bond

Question 5

Which type of protein would be responsible for preventing infection?

Answer 5

Immunoglobulins

Question 6

Which statement explains how proteins help to maintain a normal pH in the body?

Answer 6

They use their acidic and basic properties to act as a buffer

Question 7

Which food sources may be included in a lactovegetarian diet?

Answer 7

-Soy
-Yogurt
-Peanuts

Question 8

Which foods are considered incomplete protein sources?

Answer 8

-Beans
-Peanuts
-Brown rice
-Sesame seeds

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding plant-based proteins?

Answer 9

Most are incomplete proteins

Question 10

Which animal-based food is a good source of all three macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fats)?

Answer 10

Nonfat milk

Question 11

Which food choices are considered complete animal-based proteins?

Answer 11

-Pork
-Turkey
-Chicken

Question 12

Which animal-based source of protein has the highest fat content?

Answer 12

Lean ground beef

Question 13

Where does absorption of amino acids occur?

Answer 13

Small intestine

Question 14

What is the function of the dipeptidases?

Answer 14

Hydrolysis of dipeptides into single amino acids

Question 15

Which statements are true regarding amino acids in the body?

Answer 15

• Amino acids are used for tissue repair and synthesis
• Amino acids are used to create new plasma proteins
• Amino acids are deaminated and available to be stored as fat

Question 16

A patient in the hospital with septic shock is at risk for which condition?

Answer 16

Negative nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance occurs when protein breakdown is occurring more quickly than protein intake

Question 17

Which process would facilitate healing in a person with a laceration of the hand?

Answer 17

Anabolism

Protein anabolism occurs when tissues are injured and need repair. Amino acids are used to resynthesize protein necessary to repair tissues

Question 18

Which person would most likely be in a state of nitrogen balance?

Answer 18

A person who consumed 81 grams of protein and excreted 13 grams of nitrogen per day

Question 19

According to the Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein, a person weighing 165 pounds should consume __ grams of protein per day.

Answer 19

60

A person should consume 0.8 grams of protein per kg of body weight. A weight of 165 pounds would convert to 75 kg. To determine appropriate protein intake, multiply 0.8 grams X 75 = 60 grams of protein per day

Question 20

According to the Daily Reference Intake (DRI) for protein, a person consuming 2100 kcal per day should consume __ - __ grams of protein per day.

Answer 20

30105

The Daily Reference Intake (DRI) suggests that 10%-35% of a person’s total daily caloric intake come from protein. A person consuming 2100 kcal per day would need 210-735 kcal from protein. As 1 gram of protein provides 4 kcal, this would equate to 53-184 grams of protein

Question 21

Which is true of aminopeptidases?

Answer 21

Their action results in free amino acids

Question 22

Which protein comes from an animal source?

Answer 22

Milk

Question 23

Which protein is a vital oxygen carrier in the red blood cells?

Answer 23

Hemoglobin

Question 24

Which term refers to the 5 amino acids that the body can synthesize if the necessary building blocks and enzymes are available versus other amino acids?

Answer 24

Dispensable

Question 25

Which group has the highest risk for malnutrition?

Answer 25

Children

Question 26

Which plant source of protein is the only complete protein that contains all of the indispensable amino acids?

Answer 26

Soy

Question 27

In which location does the initial breakdown of protein in to amino acids begin?

Answer 27

Mouth

Question 28

Where are amino acids absorbed?

Answer 28

Portal circulation (from the small intestine)

Question 29

Which vegetarian diet restricts the consumption of any item originating from or containing animal products?

Answer 29

Vegan

Question 30

What statement made by the nurse demonstrates understanding of the role of renin in the absorption of protein?

Answer 30

"Renin and calcium prevent rapid absorption of milk in an infant."

Question 31

Which enzyme that is involved in the digestion of protein in the small intestine is responsible for attacking the acid end of the protein?

Answer 31

Carboxypeptidase

Question 32

Which chemical is responsible for unfolding and denaturing complex protein chains?

Answer 32

Hydrochloric acid

Question 33

Which combination of foods will the nurse recommend to a vegan patient for a healthy protein balance?

Answer 33

Grains and legumes

Question 34

A nurse is planning a high-protein meal for a lacto-vegetarian patient. What selection is most appropriate for this patient?

Answer 34

Yogurt

Question 35

Which food contains the most protein in a cooked 3oz serving?

Answer 35

Lean top round beef

Question 36

What type of food is a complete protein and should be included while planning a patient's diet?

Answer 36

Fish

Question 37

Which characteristic determines the classification of a protein?

Answer 37

Amino acid content

Question 38

Which is the final enzyme in the protein-splitting system, and where is it produced?

Answer 38

Dipeptidase produced in the small intestine

Question 39

When breaking down protein, which process does the body use to maintain nitrogen balance?

Answer 39

Deamination

Question 40

Which factor determines the function of proteins?

Answer 40

Structure of the protein

Question 41

How does protein help maintain pH balance?

Answer 41

Acts as a buffering agent

Question 42

By which process does protein control water balance in the body?

Answer 42

Osmotic pressure

Question 43

Which plant source of protein is the only complete protein that contains all of the indispensable amino acids?

Answer 43

Soy

Question 44

Where are amino acids absorbed?