Chapter 2 Causes of Abnormal behavior

Question 1

Etiology

Answer 1

causes of the disorder

Question 2

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 2

Integrates evidence from biological, psychological, and social dimensions

Question 3

Biological Paradigm

Answer 3

abnormal behavior stems from biological causes

Question 4

Psychodynamic paradigm

Answer 4

abnormal behavior stems from unconscious mental conflicts that are rooted in childhood experiences

Question 5

Freud

Answer 5

sexuality in development through adolescence

Question 6

Defence Mechanisms

Answer 6

Denial, Projection, Displacement, Sublimation, Reaction Formation, rationalization, repression

Question 7

Denial

Answer 7

memory never occurred or did not exist

Question 8

Projection

Answer 8

attributing one’s own feelings to others.

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

feelings are transferred to a less threatening object

Question 10

Reaction formation

Answer 10

turning a painful feeling or experience into it’s opposite

Question 11

Repression

Answer 11

Hiding a memory away from consciousness

Question 12

Sublimation

Answer 12

modifying an impulses into one that is socially acceptable

Question 13

Rationalization

Answer 13

Justifying

Question 14

Cognitive-Behavioral Paradigm

Answer 14

Abnormal behavior as a product of learning

Question 15

Causality

Answer 15

evaluating the causes of a mental disorder based on a number of factors instead of one

Question 16

Equifinality

Answer 16

Many routes that lead to the same disorder

Question 17

Multifinality

Answer 17

One route that leads to many different disorderds

Question 18

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 18

a disorder is activated due to a combination of a diathesis,

, stress, and risk factors.

Question 19

Reciprocal causality

Answer 19

bidirectional causality

Question 20

Neuron

Answer 20

billions of tiny nerve cells that serve as the building blocks for the brain

Question 21

Synapse

Answer 21

gaps between neurons

Question 22

Dendrite

Answer 22

branches that receive messages from other neurons

Question 23

Treatment for Schizophrenia

Answer 23

blocks dopamine receptors

Question 24

Treatment of Depression

Answer 24

inhibits reuptake of serotonin

Question 25

Parts of the Hindbrain

Answer 25

Medulla Pons cerebellum

Question 26

Hindbrain

Answer 26

responsible for basic bodily functions

Question 27

Midbrain

Answer 27

responsible for motor activities | reticular activating system - sleeping waking

Question 28

Forebrain

Answer 28

responsible for sensory, emotional, cognitive processes

Question 29

Limbic System

Answer 29

forebrain connects to midbrain and hindbrain responsible for emotion and learning Hypothalamus and Thalamus (forebrain)

Question 30

medulla

Answer 30

blood pressure, heart rate, respiration | hindbrain

Question 31

pons

Answer 31

stages of sleep | hindbrain

Question 32

cerebellum

Answer 32

physical coordination | hindbrain

Question 33

Reticular activating system

Answer 33

responsible for sleeping and waking | midbrain

Question 34

Thalamus

Answer 34

receives and integrates sensory information from sensory organs and high brain functions (forebrain)

Question 35

Hypothalamus

Answer 35

controls basic biological urges for drink, eat, sex | forebrain

Question 36

Cerebral hemispheres

Answer 36

left - language right - spatial organization (forebrain)

Question 37

Corpus Callosum

Answer 37

connects left and right hemispheres coordinates functioning (forebrain)

Question 38

Ventricles

Answer 38

chambers of the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid | forebrain

Question 39

cortex

Answer 39

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 40

frontal

Answer 40

reasoning, planning, emotion, speech, and movement

Question 41

parietal

Answer 41

receives and integrates sensory information along with playing a role in spatial reasoning

Question 42

occipital

Answer 42

receives and interprets visual information

Question 43

temporal

Answer 43

processes smells and sounds | regulates emotion, memory, learning

Question 44

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 44

involuntary regulates the function of various body functions

Question 45

Somatic nervous system

Answer 45

voluntary regulates muscular control

Question 46

Sympathetic nervous systems

Answer 46

increased arousal and energy; fight or flight

Question 47

parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 47

decreasing of arousal and energy

Question 48

Behavior Genetics

Answer 48

study genetic influences on behavior

Question 49

Genes

Answer 49

carry information on heredity located on chromosomes humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 50

Polygenic

Answer 50

mental disorders are influenced by many genes

Question 51

genotype

Answer 51

actual genetic structure

Question 52

phenotype

Answer 52

expression of the genotype after influences such as experience and environment

Question 53

Adoption studies

Answer 53

adopted parents vs biological parents

Question 54

Natural selection

Answer 54

new generations adapt successfully to environmental problems

Question 55

Attachment Theory

Answer 55

critical factor in development is quality of attachment formed between infant and parent (bowlby)

Question 56

Temperament

Answer 56

``` Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism ```

Question 57

Emotions

Answer 57

``` Joy Surprise Love Anger Fear Sadness ```

Question 58

Modeling

Answer 58

learning through imitation

Question 59

Operant Conditioning

Answer 59

punishment and rewards | Skinner

Question 60

Classical Conditioning

Answer 60

automatic response conditional stimulus and response - result after pairing unconditional stimulus and response- existed prior to pairing Pavlov