Chapter 2:cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What is Chromatin?

Answer 1

It’s the DNA and protein of the cell.

Question 2

Cell is made up of 3 parts(structures):

Answer 2

1. Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm

Question 3

What contains the DNA that controls synthesis of the ribosomal RNA?

Answer 3

Nucleolus

Question 4

What regulates movement of material into and out of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Nuclear pores.

Question 5

The fluid component of cytoplasm is called?

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

All of the following move in and out of cells, except?
A. Nutrients
B. Gases
C. Waste
D. Blood

Answer 6

D. Blood

Question 7

The nucleus containing DNA Molecules arranged in bundles called?
A. Proteins
B. Gametes
C. Cytoplasm
D. Chromosomes.

Answer 7

D. Chromosomes

Question 8

The following are examples of somatic cells except?
A. Red blood cell
B. Skeletal muscle cells
C. Sex cells
D. Osteocytes

Answer 8

C
Sex cells

Question 9

The ER that is completely dotted with ribosomes which gives them the rough nature is called?

Answer 9

Rough ER

Question 10

What is the network of interconnected membrane tubes/pipelines called?

Answer 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What are the 2 types of the Endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 11

1. Smooth ER (lipid synthesis)
2. Rough ER (protein synthesis)

Question 12

Name the 5 organelles:

Answer 12

1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2. Golgi complex
3. Lysosome
4. Peroxisome
5. Mitochondrion

Question 13

The nucleus of the cell has?

Answer 13

The DNA of the cell.

Question 14

Cytoplasm is composed of what & what?

Answer 14

Cytosol and organelles

Question 15

what is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out life processes?

Answer 15

Cell

Question 16

What Separates cell contents from its surroundings
- separates ICF and ECF

Answer 16

Plasma membrane

Question 17

what is enclosed by a double-layered nuclear envelope and contains the cell’s genetic material(DNA)

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

What directs protein synthesis and serves as a genetic blueprint during cell replication?

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

what is the complex, gel-like mass in which the cytoskeleton is found?

Answer 19

Cytosol

Question 20

The cytoplasm is composed of what and what?

Answer 20

Organelles, Cytosol and inclusions (Ribosomes, Centrioles, Vaults)

Question 21

What are the 3 inclusions that are non membrane bound structures in the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

1. Ribosomes
2. Centrioles
3. Vaults

Question 22

Everything inside the cell minus the nucleus is called?

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

What is responsible for Protein synthesis in the Rough ER?

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

What is synthesized in the Nucleolus and which comes out through the nuclear pores?

Answer 24

Ribosomes

Question 25

Smooth ER stores calcium called

Answer 25

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 26

Where does the packaging of the synthesized proteins from the RoughER done?

Answer 26

Smooth ER package proteins are then transported via the transport vesicles.

Question 27

What is responsible for receiving protein bundles from the transport vesicles and repackaging them to secretory vesicles?

Answer 27

Golgi complex

Question 28

the process by which cells move materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid is called

Answer 28

Exocytosis

Question 29

What is used to synthesize estrogen and testosterone?

Answer 29

Cholesterol

Question 30

what contains 50 - 60 hydrolytic enzymes that disintegrate unneeded cellular materials?

Answer 30

Lysosomes

Question 31

The process by which unneeded materials such as bacteria are transported to small vesicles and are then destroyed by the lysosomes-released enzymes is called?

Answer 31

Phagocytosis

Question 32

The disease caused by the absence of hexosaminidase enzymes, causing impairment and loss of vision and hearing and/or paralysis?

Answer 32

Tay-sachs disease. lack of lysosomes

Question 33

Which of the organelles releases oxidative enzymes which leads to Hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 33

Peroxisomes

Question 34

Which organelle is seen as the power(energy) site and the main site for ATP production?

Answer 34

Mitochondrion

Question 35

which organelle contains enzymes for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain?

Answer 35

Mitochondrion

Question 36

What is the name of the disease where the cell is unable to produce energy because it can't break down glucose? This leads to extreme muscle fatigue, pains, and cramps.

Answer 36

McArdie disease

Question 37

Ribosomes has 2 parts to it?

Answer 37

Small units Large units

Question 38

Where are the ribosomes produced?

Answer 38

Produced in the Nucleolus

Question 39

Through what medium do Ribosomes exit the Nucleolus?

Answer 39

Through the Nuclear pores

Question 40

What helps Ribosomes to exit or get out through the Nuclear pores

Answer 40

Vaults.

Question 41

Where are Ribosomes found or placed?

Answer 41

Main area: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum( RER) But the ribosomes can also be free in the cytoplasm.

Question 42

What is the function of Ribosomes in the RER?

Answer 42

Protein synthesis

Question 43

The mouth of the vaults or barrels are called

Answer 43

Cellular trunks: they help in transporting materials from one side of the cells to another.

Question 44

Deficiency of centrioles are

Answer 44

Hair loss and vomiting.

Question 45

Which organelle contains enzymes that do oxidation reduction reaction?

Answer 45

Peroxisomes

Question 46

Which organelle is present in the DNA and guides the DNA during cell Division/replication?

Answer 46

Centrioles

Question 47

What is made up of 3 very tiny protein molecules? The tiniest protein molecules.

Answer 47

Centrioles

Question 48

How many micro tubules make up 1 centriole?

Answer 48

27

Question 49

A cellular process where cells engulf external materials by forming vesicles, bringing substances into the cell is called

Answer 49

Endocytosis

Question 50

2 types of Endocytosis are

Answer 50

1. Phagocytosis 2. Pinocytosis

Question 51

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles or microorganisms?

Answer 51

Phagocytosis

Question 52

What is Cell eating?

Answer 52

Phagocytosis

Question 53

What is Cell drinking?

Answer 53

Pinocytosis

Question 54

What is the process of non-specific uptake of fluids and dissolved solutes through small vesicles.

Answer 54

Pinocytosis

Question 55

How many centrioles are in a cell?

Answer 55

2

Question 56

3 very tiny protein molecules that make up the centrioles is called?

Answer 56

Microtubules