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Anatomy I > Chapter 2: Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

acid

A

compound that releases hydrogen ions in solution

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2
Q

activation energy

A

amount of energy greater than the energy contained in the reactants, which must be overcome for a reaction to proceed

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3
Q

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

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4
Q

amino acid

A

building block of proteins; characterized by an amino and carboxyl functional groups and variable side-chain

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5
Q

anion

A

atom with a negative charge

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6
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element

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7
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

base

A

compound that accepts hydrogen ions in solution

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9
Q

bond

A

electrical force linking atoms

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10
Q

buffer

A

solution containing a weak acid or base that opposed wide fluctuations in the pH of body fluids

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11
Q

carbohydrate

A

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

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12
Q

catalyst

A

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process

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13
Q

cation

A

atom with a positive charge

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14
Q

chemical energy

A

form of energy that is absorbed as chemical form, stored as they are maintained, and released as they are broken

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15
Q

colloid

A

liquid mixture in which the solute particles consist of clumps of molecules large enough to scatter light

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16
Q

compound

A

substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

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17
Q

concentration

A

number of particles within a given space

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18
Q

covalent bond

A

chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons, thereby completing their valence shells

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19
Q

decomposition reaction

A

type of catabolic reaction in which one or more bonds within a larger molecule are broken, resulting in the release of smaller molecules or atoms

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20
Q

denaturation

A

change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means

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21
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

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22
Q

disaccharide

A

pair of carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via a glycosidic bond

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23
Q

disulfide bond

A

covalent bond formed within a polypeptide between sulfide groups of sulfur-containing amino acids

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24
Q

electron

A

subatomic particle having a negative charge and Nearly no mass

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25
electron shell
area of space a even distance from an atoms nucleus in which electrons are groups
26
element
substance that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means
27
enzyme
protein or rna that catalyzes chemical reactions
28
exchange reaction
type of chemical reaction in which bonds are both formed and broken, resulting in transfer of components
29
functional group
group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds that tends to behave as a distinct unit in chemical reactions with other atoms
30
hydrogen bond
dipole-dipole bond in which a hydrogen atom that covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is weakly attratced to a second electronegative atom
31
inorganic compound
substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen
32
ion
atom with an overall positive or negative charge
33
ionic bond
attraction between an anion and a cation
34
isotope
one of the variations of an element in which the number of neutrons different from each other
35
kinetic energy
energy that mater possesses because of its mmotion
36
lipid
class of nonpolr organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water
37
macromolecule
large molecule formed by covalent bonding
38
mass number
sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
39
matter
physical substance
40
molecule
two or more atoms covalently bonded together
41
monosaccharide
monomer of carbohydrate and a simple sugar
42
neutron
heavy subatomic particle having no electrical charge and found in the atoms nucleus
43
nucleotide
class of organic compounds composed of 1 or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar, and a base
44
organic compound
substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen
45
peptide bond
covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids
46
pH
negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
47
phospholipid
lipid compound in which. a phosphate group is combined with a diglyceride
48
phosphorylation
addition of one or more phosphate groups to an organic compound
49
polar molecule
molecule with regions that have opposite charges resulting from uneven numbers of electrons in the nuclei of the atoms participating in the covalent bond
50
polysaccharide
compound consisting of more than two carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via glycosidic bonds
51
potential energy
stored energy matter possesses because of the positioning or structure of its components
52
product
one or more substances produced by a chemical reaction
53
prostaglandin
lipid compound derived from fatty acid chains and important in regulating several body processes
54
protein
class of organic compounds that are composed of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
55
proton
heavy subatomic particle having a positive charge and found in the atoms nucleus
56
purine
nitrogen containing base with a double ring structure; adenine and guanine
57
pyrimidine
nitrogen containing base with a single ring structure; cytosine, thiamine, uracil
58
radioactive isotope
unstable, heavy isotope that gives off subatomic particles as it decays
59
reactant
one or more substances that enter a reaction
60
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein
61
solution
homogeneous liquid mixture in which a solute is dissolved into molecules within a solvent
62
steroid
lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules
63
substrate
reactant in an enzymatic reaction
64
synthesis reaction
type of anabolic reaction in which two or more atoms or molecules bond, resulting in the formation of a larger molecule
65
triglyceride
lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains
66
valence shell
outermost electron shell of an atom

Anatomy I (13 decks)

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