Chapter 2 Continue

Question 0

External surface of cell membrane and mucus of respiratory and digestive tracts

Answer 0

Glycoproteins

Question 1

External surface of cell membrane

Answer 1

Glycolipids

Question 2

Cells that hold cells and tissue together

Answer 2

Proteoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)

Question 3

Carbon compound with high ratio of hydrogen and Carbon

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

Five primary types of lipids

Answer 4

fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids

Question 5

Chain of 4 to 24 carbon atoms

Answer 5

Fatty Acids

Question 6

Carboxyl (acid) group on the end

Answer 6

Fatty Acids

Question 7

Four types of fatty acids

Answer 7

Saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated, essential fatty acids

Question 8

Carbon atoms saturated with hydrogen, straight,
Can not have more hydrogen,
Solid( room temp)

Answer 8

Saturated

Question 9

Contains C=C bonds w/o hydrogen
Bent
Cis double bond 
Can have more hydrogen
Liquid( room temp)

Answer 9

Unsaturated

Question 10

Take unsaturated fat chemically make it have the structure of saturated
Ex crisco
Risk of heart disease

Answer 10

Trans Fat

Question 11

Same as unsaturated but has more Cis double bonds

Answer 11

Polyunsaturated

Question 12

A single molecule of glycerol can be covalently linked by THREE fatty acids to make this

Answer 12

Triglyceride

Question 13

Primary function of a triglyceriod

Answer 13

Store energy long term

Question 14

Phosphate group combined to two fatty acid chains is the structure of

Answer 14

Phospholipids

Question 15

What a cell membrane is made of is its function

Answer 15

Phospholipids

Question 16

Produced in all tissues

Answer 16

Eicosanoids

Question 17

Function is to stay in one place and communicate between cells

Answer 17

Eicosanoids

Question 18

Structure looks like a carbohydrate but is a lipid

Answer 18

Eicosanoids

Question 19

A lipid with 17 of its carbon atoms in four rings

Answer 19

Steroids

Question 20

“Parent” steroid from which the other steroids are synthesized

Answer 20

Cholesterol

Question 21

Communicate between cells by moving around

Answer 21

Steroids

Question 22

Are used to strengthen the cell (like a pack on a tube)

Answer 22

Cholesterol

Question 23

“Good” or “Bad” cholesterol is defined how

Answer 23

By how it is stored

Question 24

"Good" cholesterol | Lower ratio of lipid to protein

Answer 24

HDL high density lipoprotein

Question 25

"Bad" cholesterol High ratio of lipid to protein Contributes to cardiovascular disease

Answer 25

LDL low density lipoprotein

Question 26

A polymer of amino acids

Answer 26

Proteins

Question 27

Central carbon with three attachments

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

How do amino acids differ

Answer 28

R group

Question 29

What is the purpose of a protein

Answer 29

Make DNA

Question 30

What the structure of a protein

Answer 30

Amino acids put together

Question 31

Molecule composed of two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Answer 31

Peptide

Question 32

Amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next; formed by dehydration synthesis

Answer 32

Peptide bond

Question 33

Peptide name for two amino acids

Answer 33

Dipeptides

Question 34

Peptide name for three amino acids

Answer 34

Tripeptides

Question 35

Peptide name for fewer than 10-15 amino acids

Answer 35

Oligopeptide

Question 36

Peptide name for more than 15 amino acids

Answer 36

Polypeptide

Question 37

Peptide name for more than 50 amino acids

Answer 37

Proteins

Question 38

Polypeptides and proteins are in what peptide group

Answer 38

Protein group

Question 39

Three dimensional shape of protein crucial to function

Answer 39

Conformation

Question 40

Extreme conformational change that destroys function Extreme heat Ex. When cooking an egg

Answer 40

Desaturation

Question 41

What is the primary structure for a protein

Answer 41

To sequence amino acid which is encoded in the genes

Question 42

Springlike shape secondary structure for protein

Answer 42

Alpha helix

Question 43

Pleated, ribbon shape | Zig zag secondary structure for proteins

Answer 43

Beta

Question 44

Further bending and folding of proteins into globular and fibrous shapes of protein structure

Answer 44

Tertiary structure

Question 45

Compact tertiary structure well suited for proteins embedded in cell membrane ; a glob

Answer 45

Globular proteins

Question 46

Slender filaments better suited for roles as in muscle contraction and strengthening the skin; string like curly then straight , curl then straight

Answer 46

Fibrous proteins

Question 47

Association of two or more desperate polypeptide chains | Ex insulin

Answer 47

Quaternary structure

Question 48

Conjugated proteins contain a non amino acid moiety

Answer 48

Prosthetic group

Question 49

Tough structural protein, gives strength to hair nails and skin

Answer 49

Keratin

Question 50

Durable protein contained in deeper layers of skin bones cartilage and teeth

Answer 50

Collagen

Question 51

To which signal molecules bind recieve and send messages

Answer 51

Receptors

Question 52

Any hormone or molecule that reversible binds a protein

Answer 52

Ligand

Question 53

Channels in cell membrane what govern what passes through

Answer 53

Membrane transport

Question 54

Enzyme

Answer 54

Catalysis

Question 55

Molecule with the ability to change shape repeatedly

Answer 55

Motor protein

Question 56

Proteins that bind cells together

Answer 56

Cell adhesion

Question 57

Proteins that function as biological catalysts

Answer 57

Enzymes

Question 58

Substance an enzyme acts upon

Answer 58

Substrate

Question 59

Energy needed to get reaction started

Answer 59

Lowers activation energy

Question 60

Highly specific fit for and enzyme substrate specificity

Answer 60

Lock and key

Question 61

Water splitting; adding h and oh from water

Answer 61

Hydrolysis

Question 62

Enzymes are not consumed by the reaction only replaced by building with genes

Answer 62

Truss biking of enzymes

Question 63

Happens quickly one enzyme molecule can consume millions of substrate molecules per sec

Answer 63

Astonishing speed

Question 64

Factors that change enzyme shape

Answer 64

pH and temperature

Question 65

Chain of reactions with each step usually catalyze by a different enzyme A->B->C->D

Answer 65

Metabolic Pathways

Question 66

Nitrogen base Sugar Phosphate groups are the three components of what

Answer 66

Nucleotide

Question 67

Best known nucleotide

Answer 67

ATP

Question 68

Body's most important energy transfer molecule and briefly store energy

Answer 68

Adenosine Triphosphate ATP

Question 69

Between the second and third phosphate group there are

Answer 69

High energy bonds

Question 70

Most energy (ATP) goes where

Answer 70

Active transport

Question 71

What does the mitochondria do

Answer 71

Makes ATP

Question 72

Are there other nucleotides other than ATP

Answer 72

Yes

Question 73

Double helix; ATCG; without oxygen in the ribose

Answer 73

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 74

Single strained;AUCG; with oxygen in the ribose

Answer 74

RNA (ribonucleic acid)