Chapter 2 Crime

Question 1

Bruce study

Answer 1

Experiment 1- 30 staff and students 15 male, 15 female, mean age 29
Materials target photos 10 celebs, 40 composites, evofit and police artists or 2 efit systems
External and whole composites 33%
Internal 19.5%
Experiment 2 48 undergraduates 21 male 27 female g1 40 internal (foils) 28.4%
G2 external 41.6% features identified

Question 2

Results for loftus study

Answer 2

Eye fixation
Gun 3.72 average secs
Cheque 2.44

Question 3

Describe procedure for fishers study

Answer 3

Recorded interviews using standard technique
One in CI and one not
Blind transcribers
Only responses of interview played
No. Of relevant objective statements by witness counter
Actual interviews with actual witnesses

Question 4

Background of detecting lies

Answer 4

Prosecuted if caught lying 
Major consequences 
Individual differences key 
Micro expressions 
Rely on intuition 
Lying hard work - put pressure 
Primary aim of police interviews to get confession

Question 5

Mann et al sample

Answer 5

24 female and 75 male Kent police officers mean age 34

Question 6

What were the frequent cues that the Kent police officers picked out

Answer 6

Gaze
Movements
Fidgeting

Question 7

Coding guide for King and snooks study

Answer 7

Demographic variables 
Influence tactics 
Coercive strategies 
Suspect behaviours 
Core Reid steps
Other Reid steps

Question 8

How long were the videos in King and snooks study

Answer 8

8 mins to 270 mins

Question 9

What does PACE stand for

Answer 9

Police and criminal evidence act

Question 10

Definition of Reid technique

Answer 10

Deceit, trickery and psychological manipulation breaks down suspects resistance to confess

Question 11

How many hours was FC interviewed for

Answer 11

14

Question 12

4 steps when collecting data in top down typology

Answer 12

Data assimilation
Crime classification
Crime reconstruction
Profile generation

Question 13

Themes of John duffle murders

Answer 13

Tried to relate to victim 
Minimum domination 
Marauder 
Specific knots to tye victims 
Railway

Question 14

Us vs Uk approach

Answer 14

Both deterministic 
U.K. Slow USA quick 
USA less scientific 
Both reliability issues 
U.K. Construct validity

Question 15

What are the two background studies in identifying and creating faces with e-fit

Answer 15

Vicki Bruce and Shepard

Question 16

4 techniques in cognitive interview

Answer 16

Event interview similarity
Focused retrieval
Extensive retrieval
Witness compatible questioning

Question 17

4 Reid steps I am going to talk about are …

Answer 17

Direct positive confrontation
Theme development
Handling denials
Over coming objections

Question 18

Type of crimes King and snook looked at

Answer 18

Robbery,
Sexual assault
Homocide

Question 19

Describe what shift and yield mean

Answer 19

Yield - individuals susceptibility to suggestive questioning
Shift - suspect changing answers as a result of interrogation

Question 20

Why were the police suspicious of FC

Answer 20

Inconsistencies in his account of where he was at time of attack

Question 21

What does Godwin and canter not look at

Answer 21

Motives , focuses on activity of offender

Question 22

What is the circle theory

Answer 22

Find offenders home based on location of offences
Marauder - branches out from base to commit crime then returns
Commuter- travel outside base from home

Question 23

What did Godwin and canter investigate

Answer 23

Relationship between offenders home , location of dumped bodies and changes over time

Question 24

Describe the offenders activities in the case study

Answer 24

2 men raped women close to Hampstead station
18 women raped near train stations ( which is near John duffys home)
1984- TV presenter attacked in Hertfordshire when getting off train