Chapter 2 - Economy/Society - Agriculture

Question 1

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER II

Answer 1

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER II

Question 2

What laid a platform for all agricultural reform under Alexander II?

Answer 2

The Emancipation Edict 3rd March 1861

Question 3

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER III

Answer 3

AGRICULTURE: ALEXANDER III

Question 4

When was there a disastrous famine under Alexander III?

Answer 4

1891

Question 5

How many people died in the 1891 famine?

Answer 5

375,000-400,000

Question 6

What did Alexander III blame the 1891 famine on?

Answer 6

Poor farming techniques by the peasants

Question 7

What did Alexander III create to encourage the spread of good practice in farming and agriculture?

Answer 7

Ministry of agriculture

Question 8

Who were used by Alexander III to keep discipline in regional areas?

Answer 8

Land captains

Question 9

What was set up in 1883 to help peasants by land?

Answer 9

The Peasant Land Bank

Question 10

AGRICULTURE: NICHOLAS II

Answer 10

AGRICULTURE: NICHOLAS II

Question 11

Who was appointed Prime Minister in 1906 to revamp government policy over land distribution?

Answer 11

Stolypin

Question 12

When did rural unrest peak under Nicholas II?

Answer 12

1905-7

Question 13

What was Stolypin’s aim in his land redistribution?

Answer 13

To strengthen the class of ‘best’ peasants

Question 14

Why did Stolypin want to strengthen the class of the best peasants?

Answer 14

To act as a force against the mir and be a role model to other peasants

Question 15

What did Stolypin make unused land available to?

Answer 15

The Peasant Land Bank

Question 16

What were peasants who owned farming strips allowed to do under the reign of Nicholas II?

Answer 16

Consolidate their land into smallholdings

Question 17

How many peasants had left the village communes by 1914?

Answer 17

2 million

Question 18

AGRICULTURE: LENIN

Answer 18

AGRICULTURE: LENIN

Question 19

What did the Bolsheviks promise before they were in government?

Answer 19

‘Peace, Bread and Land’

Question 20

What did the Bolsheviks issue as soon as they had seized power?

Answer 20

The Decree on Land

Question 21

Why was war communism bad for peasants?

Answer 21

Grain was forcefully taken from them

Question 22

Who were blamed for food shortages during the Russian Civil War?

Answer 22

Kulaks - peasants who hoarded grain

Question 23

What was a punishment dished out to kulaks under Lenin?

Answer 23

Their children were refused entry into state schools, kulaks also disenfranchised and taxed higher

Question 24

What was the definition of a kulak in 1928?

Answer 24

A peasant who owned at least 3 cows

Question 25

What were the cheka used to unleash?

Answer 25

A class war in the countryside

Question 26

AGRICULTURE: STALIN

Answer 26

AGRICULTURE: STALIN

Question 27

What is collectivisation?

Answer 27

The process of bringing a number of small farm units together to form bigger farms

Question 28

What was the idea of collectivisation?

Answer 28

Peasants would collaborate to produce as much food as possible to feed themselves and the growing urban proletariat

Question 29

What % of peasants farmers were working on a collective just before Stalin emerged as leader?

Answer 29

3%

Question 30

What prompted Stalin to push for mass collectivisation?

Answer 30

Famine of 1927-28

Question 31

What did Stalin wish to create via collectvisation?

Answer 31

'Socialism in the countryside'

Question 32

Under Stalin, what did collectivisation go hand in hand with?

Answer 32

Dekulakisation

Question 33

How many kulaks were deported from 1928 to 1930?

Answer 33

6-18 million

Question 34

How many kulaks were shot from 1928 to 1930?

Answer 34

30,000

Question 35

When did Stalin start his collectivisation policy?

Answer 35

November 1929

Question 36

According to Stalin, what % of all households had been collectivised by March 1930?

Answer 36

58%

Question 37

What % of peasants lived on a collectivised farm by 1937?

Answer 37

93%

Question 38

What % of peasants lived on a collectivised farm by 1941?

Answer 38

98%

Question 39

When was the mir abolished?

Answer 39

1930

Question 40

What did the population of Kazakhstan fall by as a result of collectivisation?

Answer 40

75%

Question 41

AGRICULTURE: KHRUSHCHEV

Answer 41

AGRICULTURE: KHRUSHCHEV

Question 42

How many protestors over food riots in Novocherkassk in June 1962 were executed?

Answer 42

23

Question 43

When was the Virgin Land Campaign introduced?

Answer 43

1954

Question 44

How many acres of land were given over for the production by wheat in 1950?

Answer 44

96 million acres

Question 45

By 1960, how many acres of land were used for wheat production?

Answer 45

165 million acres

Question 46

When was there a disastrous harvest under Khrushchev?

Answer 46

1963

Question 47

What was wheat production in 1962?

Answer 47

140 million tonnes

Question 48

What was wheat production in 1963?

Answer 48

107 million tonnes