Chapter 2 - Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Question 1

An individual’s genetic information

Answer 1

Genotype

Question 2

An individual’s directly observable characteristics

Answer 2

Phenotype

Question 3

Rodlike structures within the cells that store and transmit genetic information

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

The chemical substance that makes up chromosomes

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

Segment of DNA along the length of the chromosomes

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

Process by which DNA duplicates itself. Produces new body cells containing the SAME genetic information

Answer 6

Mitosis

Question 7

Process by which gametes are formed. Leads to genetic variability

Answer 7

Meiosis

Question 8

22 matching pairs of chromosomes

Answer 8

Autosomes

Question 9

23rd pair of chromes

Answer 9

Sex chromosomes

Question 10

XX

Answer 10

Female

Question 11

XY

Answer 11

Male

Question 12

Sex cells: sperm and ovum

Answer 12

Gametes

Question 13

Formed when sperm and ovum unite

Answer 13

Zygote

Question 14

A result when a single zygote separates to form 2 individuals

Answer 14

Identical twins/Monozygotic

Question 15

A result from the release and fertilization of two separate ova

Answer 15

Fraternal/Dizygotic

Question 16

2 forms of the same gene, one inherited from each parent. Occurs at the same place (locus) on both chromosomes in a pair

Answer 16

Alleles

Question 17

Only the dominant allele affects children’s phenotypic characteristics

Answer 17

Dominant-Recessive Inheritance

Question 18

Many serious diseases are the product of

Answer 18

Recessive alleles

Question 19

People who are heterogeneous have one recessive allele. They are known as

Answer 19

Carriers

Question 20

A sudden, permanent change in a segment of DNA. May affect 1 or 2, or many genes

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

Characteristics influences by MANY genes

Answer 21

Polygenic inheritance

Question 22

A chromosomal-related abnormality associated with the 21st chromosome

Answer 22

Down Syndrome

Question 23

Abnormalities caused by either the X or Y chromosome

Answer 23

Sex chromosome abnormalities

Question 24

A lack of emotional closeness/supervision and excessive demands for achievement is associated with

Answer 24

Unavailable parents

Question 25

These benefits: reduce of stress of poverty, provision of assistance for all generations and the creation of strong family bonds are associated with

Answer 25

Living with your extended family

Question 26

People who define themselves as separate entities

Answer 26

Individualisitc

Question 27

People who define themselves as part of a group

Answer 27

Collectivist

Question 28

Is it true that one's development is a result from a BIDIRECTIONAL exchange between heredity and all levels of environment?

Answer 28

Yes