Chapter 2- Geology

Question 1

What is the study of the earth?

Answer 1

Geology

Question 2

What is the outer layer of the earth’s surface called?

Answer 2

The crust

Question 3

What is most of the earth covered with?

Answer 3

Organic Material which is sediments

Question 4

What is the most abundant element in the earths crust?

Answer 4

Oxygen

Question 5

What is the second most abundant element in the crust?

Answer 5

Silicon

Question 6

What’s the name of the region that marks the lower boundary of the crust?

Answer 6

The Moho

Question 7

Beneath the Moho lies which layer of the earth?

Answer 7

The mantle

Question 8

We have the Moho then we have the mantle, what’s below the upper mantle?

Answer 8

The transition zone

Question 9

What’s below the transition zone?

Answer 9

The lower mantle

Question 10

What is the central part of the earth called ?

Answer 10

The core

Question 11

The inner core is a solid core, what do geologists think it’s made of?

Answer 11

Nickel and iron

Question 12

Name the theory where eight large plates float on plastic rock of the mantle

Answer 12

The plate tectonics theory

Question 13

Why do you think that the tectonic plates float?

Answer 13

Convection currents moving currents within the mantle how the heat rises and how it sinks then it drops

Question 14

All the continents were connected to each other into one huge land mass called what?

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

Name the fault that sinks vertically

Answer 15

Normal fault

Question 16

Which fault at when one side of rocks are shoved on top of the rocks on the other side?

Answer 16

Thrust fault

Question 17

How does the strike-slip fault move

Answer 17

Horizontally

Question 18

What’s the difference between a fault and a fold

Answer 18

A fault is a break and a fold is a bend

Question 19

What do we call the folding process when rocks bend downward in a trough like structure

Answer 19

A syncline

Question 20

Name the type of mountain that forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earths crust

Answer 20

Volcanic mountain

Question 21

What type of mountains appear to form when molten rock is forced beneath an overlying rock layer

Answer 21

a domed mountain

Question 22

What type of mountain is formed when the edges of two adjacent rock layers are pushed together causing the rocks to buckle

Answer 22

Folded mountains

Question 23

Name the type of mountains that have formed along a fault where the rocks on one Side of the fault are forced upward while the rocks on the other side sink

Answer 23

Fault block mountains

Question 24

What is the arch like structure formed when rocks are folded up word

Answer 24

Anticlines

Question 25

Name the most active earthquake zone

Answer 25

The circum pacific belt

Question 26

Earthquakes that result from sudden movements of rock beneath the earth surface are called what?

Answer 26

Tectonic earthquake

Question 27

What percent of earthquakes occur in the circum pacific belt?

Answer 27

80%

Question 28

What is seismology

Answer 28

The study of earthquakes

Question 29

Name this theory what is the theory that states that rocks on either side of the fault spring back into position of little or no strain at the moment of an earthquake

Answer 29

The elastic rebound theory

Question 30

Name the famous strike slip fault in western California

Answer 30

The San Andreas Fault

Question 31

What is the point of which an earthquake begins

Answer 31

The focus

Question 32

What do we call the place where the earthquake is most severe

Answer 32

The epicenter

Question 33

What is the fastest kind of seismic wave

Answer 33

The P-wave

Question 34

Seismologist study the vibrations caused by earthquakes using instrument called the what?

Answer 34

Seismograph

Question 35

Small earthquakes often follow a large earthquake at frequent intervals for days months or years

Answer 35

Aftershocks

Question 36

Name the most famous scale that measures strength

Answer 36

The Richter scale

Question 37

Buildings constructed on bed rock are called what?

Answer 37

Fixed base Systems

Question 38

What is the problem with fixed based systems?

Answer 38

The buildings become deformed

Question 39

What is the most common new construction where buildings rest on isolators and it absorbs the seismic energy

Answer 39

Based Isolated systems

Question 40

What are devices added to structures to absorb some of the seismic energy

Answer 40

Energy dissipating devices

Question 41

Name the first type of cone volcano that consists primarily of volcanic ash or rock fragments

Answer 41

Cindercone volcano

Question 42

Name a volcano that is made from large quantities of highly fluid lava and rather mild erruption‘s

Answer 42

Shield volcano

Question 43

What do we call the source of volcanic irruption’s

Answer 43

The magma chamber

Question 44

What is magma

Answer 44

Molten rock

Question 45

Name the volcano that produces both cinderss and lava

Answer 45

composite volcano or stratovolcanoes

Question 46

What are we call an inactive volcano that could irrupt again

Answer 46

Dormant volcanoes

Question 47

A volcano that has erupted within recorded history or is currently producing seismic energy/activity is considered a

Answer 47

Active volcano

Question 48

More than half of active volcanoes can be found in this belt in the Pacific basin

Answer 48

The ring of fire

Question 49

What do we call lava that hardens into rough jagged rocks with a crumbly or blocky texture

Answer 49

aa

Question 50

What do we call lava that hardens into a smooth textured rock with a ropy appearance

Answer 50

Pahoehoe

Question 51

What do we call a particle or block of solid volcanic ejecta

Answer 51

pyroclasts

Question 52

What do we call superheated cloud of gas and volcanic ash that travels down the slope as an avalanche

Answer 52

Pyroclastic flow

Question 53

What are huge Bowl shaped craters that occur when a magma chamber empties then collapses

Answer 53

calderas

Question 54

What are almond shaped or teardrops shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava hardens in the air

Answer 54

Volcanic bombs

Question 55

What do we call a domed like igneous intrusion formed when magma bulges overlying rocks

Answer 55

Laccolith

Question 56

What is a sheet like igneous intrusion formed when magma hardens in a vertical crack

Answer 56

Dike

Question 57

Name an underground channel that forms when surface lava hardens before the lava underneath

Answer 57

Lava tunnels