Chapter 4- Weathering And Erosion

Question 1

What is type of weathering which is the breakdown of rocks by physical forces

Answer 1

Physical weathering

Question 2

Another type of physical weathering involves the breaking or peeling way of rocks in layers

Answer 2

Exfoliation

Question 3

The other type of weathering which happens when rocks react with water and the minerals may weaken or dissolve away causing the rocks to crumble

Answer 3

Chemical weathering

Question 4

What is the main agent of chemical weathering

Answer 4

Water

Question 5

Name the process by which rock fragments are carried away by wind

Answer 5

Erosion

Question 6

What do we call large streams that carry water from the mountains to the sea they are known as

Answer 6

Rivers

Question 7

The source of a river is called what

Answer 7

Headwater

Question 8

What do we call the steepness of the slope of a river

Answer 8

Gradient

Question 9

The material carried by stream is called it’s

Answer 9

Node

Question 10

What do we call all the streams that merge toward the sea as one large river

Answer 10

A river system

Question 11

The region of land that is drained by a river system is called

Answer 11

A drainage basin

Question 12

What do we call two adjoining drainage basin’s that are separated by what

Answer 12

drainage divide

Question 13

What do we call numerous streams that feed into the river at various points

Answer 13

Tributaries

Question 14

What do we call the level or nearly level land that borders or river that is covered by river water in flood time

Answer 14

Floodplain

Question 15

Natural Bridges of sediment dropped by the river from the rivers edge are called

Answer 15

Levees

Question 16

Winding groups of the river are called

Answer 16

Meanders

Question 17

When a meander is bypassed and becomes cut off from the rest of the river it forms a crescent shaped body of water called a

Answer 17

Oxbow lake

Question 18

What is a fan shaped or triangular deposit extended from the mountain to the sea

Answer 18

Delta

Question 19

After a heavy rain sediments are often carry from higher elevation on a mountain to the base which one is it Delta like deposit called a what

Answer 19

In alluvial fan

Question 20

After acidic water dissolves Limestone to calcite what are the names of the large caves it produces

Answer 20

Caverns

Question 21

What do we call the buildup of calcium carbonate that is on the ceilings and the floors of the cavern

Answer 21

Dripstone

Question 22

What are icicle like masses called when they are grown on the ceiling

Answer 22

Stalactites

Question 23

What do we call the column like masses on the ground

Answer 23

Stalagmites

Question 24

At the surface what do we call the funnel shaped depression in the ground when a cave collapses

Answer 24

A sinkhole

Question 25

Regions of the earth surface where limestone is exposed and abundant are called what

Answer 25

Karst

Question 26

What do we call offshore bridges of sand or gravel

Answer 26

Bars

Question 27

What do we call high ridges of rock land that project out into the sea along deepwater shorelines

Answer 27

Promontory

Question 28

Waves may erode the base of a promontory which may fall into the sea leaving behind a vertical face of rock called what

Answer 28

Seacliff

Question 29

Indentations in the sea cliff that are often exposed in low tide are called what

Answer 29

Sea caves

Question 30

What are the narrow formations of rock that arch out from the coast and that are usually pulled from eroded sea caves

Answer 30

Sea arches

Question 31

Isolated columns of rock that form when the sea arch collapses is called a what

Answer 31

Sea stack

Question 32

What do we call a sheet that slowly moves under its own weight

Answer 32

Glacier

Question 33

Name the two types of glaciers

Answer 33

Continental and valley glaciers

Question 34

Where would you mainly find continental glaciers

Answer 34

Greenland and Antarctica

Question 35

Smaller ice sheets that are found in Iceland and Norway are called what?

Answer 35

Ice caps

Question 36

What do we call glaciers that are rivers of ice that slowly flow down from mountainous regions into valleys

Answer 36

Valley glacier or alpine glacier

Question 37

What’s another name for a valley glacier

Answer 37

Alpine glacier

Question 38

What do we call cracks and fixtures in the glacier

Answer 38

Crevasses

Question 39

What do we call a valley glacier that scoops out a huge bowl shaped depression in the highlands, What is that depression called

Answer 39

Cirque

Question 40

Name a Sharp ridge that divides to cirques

Answer 40

Arête

Question 41

What do we call a sharp steeple shaped point where three or more cirque cut into a mountain peak

Answer 41

A horn

Question 42

When a glacier carves out valleys along its coast line it sometimes fills with seawater creating a

Answer 42

Fjord

Question 43

When a glacier retreats in warmer weather and often dumps rocks on the ground it is called

Answer 43

Till

Question 44

What do we call an accumulation piles a degree of till left by a retreating glacier

Answer 44

Moraine

Question 45

When the glacier advances again in the winter time it may overrun old moraines smoothing the til onto Lowhills called

Answer 45

Drumlin

Question 46

What do we call large holes left in the melting of huge chunks of glacial ice lodged in till out wash

Answer 46

Kettles

Question 47

The period of widespread glaciation is commonly call the what?

Answer 47

Ice age

Question 48

Erosion by the wind is not as widespread as water erosion which is powered by glaciation but eRosian by the wind is called what kind of processes

Answer 48

Aeolian processes

Question 49

The most important effect of wind Erosion is what

Answer 49

Deflation

Question 50

Over time, deflation may cause a barren rocky surface called a

Answer 50

Desert pavement

Question 51

Sometimes the wind forms shallow depressions where material has been blown away

Answer 51

Blowouts

Question 52

What we call windstorms that carry coarse sand particles and the fine particles of dry soil

Answer 52

Sandstorm

Question 53

What is the name given to the load of Thick clay and silt dropped by a dust storm

Answer 53

Loess

Question 54

What we call the names given to huge heaps of loose and windblown sand that are common in deserts and beach

Answer 54

Sand dunes

Question 55

What do we call the action of the windblown sand

Answer 55

Abrasion

Question 56

An erosion method prevention that changes a smooth slope into many stair like levels is called what

Answer 56

Terracing

Question 57

What do we call the process where gravity causes the downslope movement with rocks soil, ash, snow or ice

Answer 57

Mass wasting

Question 58

This occurs when individual rock fragments break off the sides of a steep cliff that is often caused by exfoliation

Answer 58

Rockfall

Question 59

What do we call this type of mass wasting, when huge masses of rock or soil suddenly slide down a slope

Answer 59

Landslide

Question 60

These are the most fluid and fastest type of mass wasting, rapid movement of loose water saturated soil

Answer 60

Mudflow

Question 61

What do we call when a mass of ice and snow become dislodged with the mountain face

Answer 61

Avalanche

Question 62

What do we call a very slow sometimes a few inches of movement (or less per year) downslope movement of soil and rock fragments, it can be caused by soil expansion and contraction due to the changes of heat and moisture by the actions of plants and animals

Answer 62

Soil creep

Question 63

Name the process where thin sheets of topsoil are stripped away from the surface of the land

Answer 63

Sheet erosion

Question 64

After a rill is formed by heavy rains the shallow cutting the soil could lead to a channel being cut in the ground which cannot be repaired by ordinary cultivation is called a

Answer 64

Gully

Question 65

Which force has the greatest effect on erosion in the earths surface

Answer 65

Running water