Chapter 2 ; Germany and the Depression Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
What caused the Great Depression?
A
the Wall Street Crash
2
Q
When did the Wall Street Crash happen?
A
october 1929
3
Q
When did Gustav Stresseman die?
A
october 1929
4
Q
What caused the Wall Street Crash?
A
American people not satisfied with profit from shares so decided to sell
5
Q
How did the selling of shares in America cause the WSC?
A
prices dropped and shares became of no value
6
Q
Why did the WSC affect Germany?
A
American banks wanted loans back from Germany
7
Q
What were the political impacts of the Great Depression in Germany?
A
popularity for extremist parties grew
8
Q
How many votes did the Communists get in 1930, the year following the WSC?
A
77 (from 54)
9
Q
How many votes did the Nazis get in 1930, the year following the WSC?
A
107 (from 12)
10
Q
What were the economic impacts on Germany following the Great Depression?
A
wanted loans bank
factories closed
11
Q
Why did German businesses go bankrupt after the WSC?
A
- America wanted loans back
- Germany tried to reclaim from businesses
- went bankrupt
12
Q
What happened to the German businesses after the WSC?
A
went bankrupt
13
Q
What happened to German factories after the WSC?
A
shut down
14
Q
Why did German factories shut down after the WSC?
A
- America had bought German goods
- Americans could no longer afford
- factories shut down
15
Q
What were the social impacts on Germany after the WSC?
A
jobless
homeless
hungry
angry at leaders
16
Q
What happened to savings in Germany as a result of the Great Depression?
A
became worthless
17
Q
What affects did the Great Depression have on Germany?
A
- taxes increased
- wages decreased
18
Q
How much did wages of workers decrease by from 1928 to 1933?
A
in 1933 wages were 70% of 1928 wages
19
Q
What were set up as a result of homelessness during the GD in Germany?
A
shanty towns
20
Q
Why did violence and crime increase during the GD in Germany?
A
boredom became violence
21
Q
How much did arrests for theft increase by during the GD in Germany?
A
increased by 24%
22
Q
Why was the unemployment benefit harder to pay during the GD?
A
so many unemployed
23
Q
What affect did the difficulty of paying unemployment benefit have on Germans?
A
taxes increased
unemployment benefit decreased
24
Q
How many people were unemployed in september 1929?
A
1.3 million unemployed
25
How many people were unemployed in september 1931?
4.3 million unemployed
26
How many people were unemployed in september 1932?
5.1 million unemployed
27
How many people were unemployed in january 1933?
6.1 million
28
What was the original name for the Nazis?
German workers' party
29
Who set up the German workers' party?
Anton Drexler
30
When was the German workers' party set up?
1919
31
When did Hitler join the Nazi Party?
September 1919
32
When did Hitler become second in command in the Nazi Party?
1920
33
When did Hitler become leader of the Nazi party?
1921
34
What did the introduction of Hitler mean for the Nazi party?
introduced SA
swastika
new name
25 point programme
35
What were the SA?
brown shirts
disrupted opposition
36
Who did Hitler put in charge of the brown shirts?
Ernst Rohm
37
What did Hitler change the name of the German workers' party to?
National Socialist German Workers' Party
38
When were the lean years?
1924 to 1928
39
Why did the Nazis have limited support during the lean years?
Stresseman was chancellor
- increased support for Weimar
- economy was strong
40
What were some successes of the lean years?
mein kampf
1928 ; 100,000 members
1924 election ; 32 seats
SS set up
41
What were the SS?
black shirts
personal bodyguards to Hitler
42
Who was in charge of the SS?
Heinrich Himmler
43
How many members did the Nazi party have in 1928?
100,000
44
How many seats did the Nazis get in the Reichstag in 1924?
32 seats
45
What were some failures of the nazi party during the lean years?
Hitler in prison
little support
1928 election ; 12 seats
46
How many seats did the Nazi party get in the Reichstag in the 1928 election?
12 seats
47
What were the short term causes to the Munich Putsch?
invasion of Ruhr
hyperinflation
48
What were the medium term causes to the Munich Putsch?
Mussolini took Rome in 1922
stab in back payment
support from Bavarian government
49
How did the Bavarian government support the Nazis?
turned a blind eye to violence
50
How did the support of the Bavarian government benefit the Nazis?
50,000 members in november 1923
51
How many members did the Nazis have in november 1923?
50,000
52
What were the long term causes to the Munich Putsch?
hatred for Weimar
53
What were the consequences of the Munich Putsch?
Hitler arrested
32 seats in 1924
54
How long was Hitler sentenced for treason?
5 years
55
What was Hitler put in prison for after the Munich Putsch?
treason
56
How long did Hitler serve for treason?
9 months
57
Where was Hitler put in prison?
landensberg prison
58
What did Hitler use his trial to do?
spread ideologies
59
Why did Hitler choose to do the Munich Putsch?
- inspired by Mussolini
- pressure gov
- gain support
60
When did Mussolini take Rome?
1922
61
What was relevant about the timing of the Munich Putsch?
hyperinflation
Stresseman had called off passive resistance - looks as if surrendering to French
62
What does the word 'Putsch' mean?
attack
63
How many Nazis were involved in the Munich Putsch?
3000 nazis
64
How many storm troopers were involved in the Munich Putsch?
600 stormtroopers
65
Who was Von Kahr?
Bavarian state leader
66
Who was Von Seisser?
head of Bavarian police
67
Who was Von Lossow?
head of Germany army in Bavaria
68
Who was Lundendorf?
senior army general from WWI
69
What were Hitler and the nazis met by in the Munich Pustch?
armed police
70
Why were Hitler and the nazis met by armed police in the Munich Pustch?
Von Seisser and Von Lossow organised armed police
71
Who went back on their word in the Munich Putsch?
Von Seisser and Von Lossow
72
How many nazis were killed in the Munich Putsch?
16 nazis killed
73
How many police were killed in the Munich Putsch?
3 police killed
74
What caused the Nazi party to grow?
The Great Depression
German discontent
appeal of Hitler
Fear of extremism
nazi structure
75
Who supported the nazis?
farmers
women
upperclass
middleclass
youth
76
Why did German discontent lead to growth of the Nazis?
- Weimar unable to solve
- looked to extremist parties because they had lost faith in democracy
77
Why did the Nazi structure lead to growth of the Nazis?
Munich Putsch
beliefs
propganda
Hitler youth
SA
78
Why did the appeal of Hitler lead to growth of the Nazis?
persuasive, convincing, trustworthy
79
Why did the fear of extremism lead to growth of the Nazis?
communist revolution in Russian
could have happened
80
Why did farmers vote for the Nazis?
- Nazis promised higher crops for prices
- opposed communists who would seize farms
81
Why did women vote for the nazis?
- motherhood gave role to women and improved status
- Weimar culture had been a bad influence
82
Why did the youth vote for the Nazis?
- abolish ToV
- many jobs promised
83
Why did the middle class vote for the nazis?
- feared communists
- also feared break down of law and order - Nazi appeared organised
84
Why did the upperclass vote for the nazis?
- weapon making promised profit
- fear communists would control factories
- promised strong industrial country
85
Why did the Munich Putsch lead to growth of the Nazis?
changed tactics
grew in popularity
86
How did Hitler change tactics after the Munich Putsch?
win vote democratically
Nazis offices set up
87
How many members of the SA were there in 1931?
100,000 members
88
How many SA members were there in 1932?
400,000 members
89
How did the Great Depression lead to growth of the Nazis?
public lost hope in Weimar
Jewish as scapegoat
90
How did Nazi beliefs lead to growth of the Nazis?
- 25 point programme
- old age pensions increase
- dictatorship ; royalists, nationalists
91
How did propaganda lead to growth of the Nazis?
appeared organised amid chaos
92
How did the Hitler Youth Organisation lead to growth of the Nazis?
control youth -> control future
93
When did the Communist Revolution happen in Russia?
1917
94
Who supported the Nazis as a result of the threat of a Communist Revolution?
middle and upper class
christians
95
Why did the threat of a communist revolution cause christians to support the Nazis?
communists would ban religious institutions
-> nazis opposed communists
96
Why did the threat of a communist revolution cause upper and middle class to support the Nazis?
communists would take control of businesses
-> nazis opposed communists
97
What was the order of the Chancellors between 1932 and 1933?
Burning
Papen
Schleicher
Hitler
98
What did Bruning do in April 1932?
banned SA and SS
99
Why did Bruning ban SA and SS in April 1932?
control Nazis
100
Who removed Bruning as as Chancellor?
Schleicher
101
Why did Schleicher remove Bruning as Chancellor?
came into conflict
102
How did Schleicher remove Bruning as Chancellor?
organised coalition to convince Hindenburg
103
Who made up the coalition that Schleicher formed to remove Bruning?
landowners
army generals
industrialists
104
Who did Scheilcher replace Burning with?
Von Papen
105
When did Von Papen become Chancellor?
May 1932
106
Who did Schleicher invite to the coalition in May 1932?
the Nazis
107
Why did Schleicher invite the Nazis to the coalition?
believed he could control them
108
When did Schliecher invite the Nazis to the coalition?
May 1932
109
Why did Hitler demand he should be appointed the Chancellor after the July 1932 election?
biggest party in Reichstag
110
How many seats did the Nazis get in the July 1932 election?
230 seats
111
How many seats did the Nazis get in the November 1932 election?
196 seats
112
Why did Papen call for the November 1932 election?
hoped Nazis would fall but they remained biggest party
113
Why did Papen resign after the November 1932 election?
had no support in the Reichstag
114
How many business tycoons signed a letter asked for Hitler as Chancellor?
39 business tycoons
115
When did Hindenburg appoint Schleicher as Chancellor?
December 1932
116
What did Schleicher ask Hindenburg for?
suspension of constitution and to be head of military
117
Why did Schleicher ask for suspension of constituion and to be head of the military?
Hitler and Papen were conspiring against him
118
Why did Schleicher lose all remaining support in Reichstag?
plan to become head of military and to suspend constitution was leaked
119
What did Papen tell Hindenburg they could do if Hitler was Chancellor?
make all decisions
120
When did Hitler become Chancellor?
30th January 1933
121
How did Hindenburg feel about Hitler?
he hated him
122
How did Hitler become Chancellor?
democratically and legally
123
Who was Von Hindenburg?
President of Weimar Germany
124
What did Hindenburg do to undermine Republic?
used Article 48 and governed by decree
125
How did Papen and Schleicher undermine the Republic?
wanted to move away from elections and have country run by land owners and indsutrialists
126
Who underestimated Hitler?
Papen, Schleicher, Hindenburg
127
Who was vice chancellor with Hitler?
Papen
128
How did Hitler's role as Chancellor allow him to become Furher?
- controlled police and newspapers
- arranged March 1933 election
129
How did the Reichstag Fire allow Hitler to become Furher?
- Van der Lubbe arrested
- protection of people and state
130
When did the Reichstag fire happen?
a week before voting in March 1933 election
131
Who was arrested for the Reichstag fire?
Van der Lubbe
132
How did the protection of people and state allow Hitler to become Furher?
- Hitler could arrest unconditionally
- banned Communist newspapers + campaigns
133
Why did Hindenburg agree to the Protection of People and State?
threat of Communist overthrowing Weimar
134
How many communists were jailed as a result of the Protection of People and State?
4000 communists jailed
135
Who did Hitler convince to join the Nazis in March 1933?
Centre Party
136
How did Hitler achieve a majority in the Reichstag to vote for the Enabling Law?
joined Centre Party with Nazis
137
How many votes were to and against the Enabling Law?
444 for
94 against
138
How did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to become Furher?
did not have to consult Reichstag for 4 years
139
What caused the Nazi Revolution?
Enabling Law
140
What was the Nazi Revolution?
6 month rapid change as a result of Enabling Law
141
What did the Enabling Law mean Hitler could do?
pass laws quickly and easily
142
In the nazi era, how many times did the Reichstag meet?
12 times in 11 years
143
How did Hitler's new powers as Chancellor allow him to become Furher?
- banned trade unions and political parties
- replaced Lander gov with Nazis
- made first concentration camp
- set up Gestapo
144
What did Hitler's banning of trade unions mean for workers?
striking became illegal
no one to represent them
145
Where did Hitler set up the first concentration camp?
Dachau
146
When did Hitler set up the first concentration camp?
April 1933
147
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
30th June 1934
148
What caused the Night of the Long Knives?
- threatened by Ernst Rohm
- German army disliked SA
- believed violent behaviour no longer appropiate
149
Why did the German army dislike the SA?
- Rohm spoke of merging the 2
- SA outnumbered army
150
Who carried out the Night of the Long Knives?
SS (blackshirts)
151
How many were executed for treason on the Night of the Long Knives?
77 men
152
How many SA members were killed on the Night of the Long Knives?
200 SA members killed
153
How many were killed on the Night of the Long Knives?
400 men killed
154
What was the aim of the Night of the Long Knives?
remove opposition to Hitler
155
Give an example of a political leader killed as part of the Night of the Long Knives
Von Schleicher
156
Give an example of a SA leader killed as part of the Night of the Long Knives
Ernst Rohm
-> shot in prison cell after he refused to commit suicide
157
How did the death of Hindenburg allow Hitler to become Furher?
letters found stating Hindenburg wanted Hitler to succeed him
158
How did Hitler get support of army?
oath of loyalty personally to Hitler
159
When was the vote held to decide if Hitler was wanted as Furher?
19th of August 1934
160
How many people agreed Hitler should be Furher?
90% agreed
161
What began as Hitler became Furher?
third reich began
162
How did the SA lead to support of Nazis?
- organised and disciplined
- disrupted opposition
163
Give three short term causes of Munich Putsch
invasion of Ruhr
hyperinflation
Mussolini march on Rome
164
How did Bruning try to deal with WSC?
increase tax for unemployment benefit
165
How did parliament respond to Bruning?
rejected 256 to 193
166
How did Bruning rule?
article 48
